~?Woolgar, S. Cooper, G.1999_Do artefacts have ambivalence? Moses' bridges, Winner's bridges and other urban legends in S&TS433-449Social Studies of Science293Jun://000081401100005JTimes Cited: 10 Cited Reference Count: 39 English Editorial Material 215UDISI:000081401100005Brunel Univ, Virtual Soc Programme, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Univ Surrey, Dept Sociol, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Woolgar, S, Brunel Univ, Virtual Soc Programme, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England.~?Thompson, M. P. A.2004?Some proposals for strengthening organizational activity theory579-602 Organization115SepThis paper seeks to highlight a perceived 'drift' of organizational activity theory: from an original concern with the social mediation of human consciousness through intersubjective interaction, to a focus on networked relations between organizational communities through intercollective interaction. It is argued that such a drift threatens the explanatory power of Vygotsky's original formulation, which offers an explanation for the social conditioning of meaning, but which nonetheless acknowledges its location within individual human beings, not groups. In an attempt to address this perceived situation and to contribute to the further development of organizational activity theory, the paper draws upon two ideas from the Russian semiologist Bakhtin, incorporating these within a proposed framework for the application of activity theory within organizational settings that remains consistent with Vygotsky's original ideas.://000223969200001>Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 60 English Article 855JKISI:000223969200001Univ Cambridge, Judge Inst Management, Cambridge CB2 1AG, England. Methods Consulting, London, England. Thompson, MPA, Univ Cambridge, Judge Inst Management, Trumpington St, Cambridge CB2 1AG, England. m.thompson@jims.cam.ac.uk~? Singleton, V.1996VFeminism, sociology of scientific knowledge and postmodernism: Politics, theory and me445-468Social Studies of Science262MayIs postmodernism debilitating for feminists approaching science? is the actor-network approach, which rejects dualisms and universalism, politically impotent Or is such a critique epistemologically conservative? I explore these questions by drawing on empirical research examining the UK Cervical Screening Programme (CSP). Specifically, I attempt to answer the question of whether or not women should participate in the CSP and undertake a cervical smear test Because the CSP is constantly changing as participants' identities multiply in negotiation, I propose that there is no stable paint from which a single decision about lay participation can be made, however politically useful it may be to do so, I demonstrate my discomfort with talking about whether women should or should not participate. Given the dynamic nature of the Programme, a 'should' discourse is inappropriate, and can also be guilt-inducing and oppressive to women. My preference is for a discourse which emphasizes that women could participate.://A1996UR23500010?Times Cited: 14 Cited Reference Count: 54 English Article UR235ISI:A1996UR23500010lSingleton, V, UNIV LANCASTER,CTR SCI STUDIES & SCI POLICY,SCH INDEPENDENT STUDIES,LANCASTER LA1 4YN,ENGLAND.K~? Robson, K.1994FInflation Accounting and Action at a Distance - the Sandilands Episode45-82$Accounting Organizations and Society191JanWhy was inflation accounting a problem in the 1970s? This paper attempts to answer this question by presenting the case of the Sandilands Report in the U.K. (Report of the Committee of Inquiry on Inflation Accounting, Cmnd. 6225, 1975a). The problematization of inflation accounting is conceptualized in terms of how government can act at a distance upon management, economic organizations and other institutions. The concept of action at a distance is developed by examining four arenas (Burchell et al, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 1985, pp. 381-414) in the Sandilands episode constituted by relationships between inflation accounting techniques, policy discourses and rationales, and institutionalized calculations.://A1994MV80700003?Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 130 English Article MV807ISI:A1994MV80700003OROBSON, K, UNIV MANCHESTER,INST SCI & TECHNOL,MANCHESTER M60 1QD,LANCS,ENGLAND.~? Robson, K.1992ZAccounting Numbers as Inscription - Action at a Distance and the Development of Accounting685-708$Accounting Organizations and Society177Oct;The numerical form of accounting has been interpreted as a use of metaphor (Morgan, Accounting, Organizations and Society, pp. 477-486, 1988). The dominance of quantification in accounting has also, more conventionally, been legitimated by claims to the representational accuracy of numbers and a model of scientific theory and practice (Mattessich, Accounting and Analytical Methods, Irwin, 1962; Chambers, Accounting Evaluation and Economic Behaviour, Prentice-Hall, 1966; Accounting Organizations and Society, pp. 167-180, 1980). In this paper the preference for quantification in accounting is explained alternatively in terms of the development of inscriptions that enable action at a distance (Latour, Science in Action, Open University Press, 1987). The development of accounting is considered in terms of a continuing refinement of mobile, stable and combinable inscriptions that expedite long distance control. The paper concludes that studies of accounting metaphor are incomplete if they cannot address the processes that adjudicate the choices and production of metaphor.://A1992JT63900004@Times Cited: 23 Cited Reference Count: 153 English Article JT639ISI:A1992JT63900004^ROBSON, K, UNIV MANCHESTER,INST SCI & TECHNOL,SCH MANAGEMENT,MANCHESTER M60 1QD,LANCS,ENGLAND.~?*Pels, D. Hetherington, K. Vandenberghe, F.2002CThe status of the object - Performances, mediations, and techniques1-+Theory Culture & Society195-6Oct-DecIn their substantive introduction, the editors first revisit two classical sites of controversy which have offered frameworks for theorizing the interplay between materiality and sociality: reification and fetishism. Obviously, these critical vocabularies emerge as crucial sites of perplexity as soon as the ontological boundary between subjects and objects is rendered equally problematic and fluid as the epistemological boundary between the imaginary and the real. A thumbnail sketch of the history of the two discursive traditions (from Marxism up to Actor Network Theory) provides an elaborate systematic framework for introducing the individual articles. The first axis of debate is generated by conceptual residues of the traditional tug-of-war between idealism and materialism which continues to infiltrate recent redescriptions of the web of sociality/materiality. The concern here is how much autonomy and agency can be granted to material objects in view of their social inscription and symbolic construction, and how far conceptual experiments with the ontological symmetry between humans and nonhumans may take us and/or should be permitted to go. The second axis of debate concerns the fate of critical theory and of ethico-political sensibility in the face of heightened uncertainties about the distinction between what is real, what is constructed, and what is imaginary, and between what may count as a person and what as a thing.://000180392000001>Times Cited: 3 Cited Reference Count: 60 English Article 635GWISI:000180392000001Brunel Univ, Dept Human Sci, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Amsterdam Sch Social Sci Res, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Pels, D, Brunel Univ, Dept Human Sci, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England.~?Pels, D.1996The politics of symmetry277-304Social Studies of Science262MaygWhile symmetry and impartiality have become ruling principles in S&TS, defining its core ideal of a 'value-free relativism', their philosophical anchorage has attracted much less discussion than the issue or:how far their jurisdiction can be extended or generalized. This paper seeks to argue that symmetry and agnosticism unwarrantably present as generalizable procedure what are in fact contingent knowledge-political attempts to reposition various fields of controversy. They present a methodological version of what remains a rather exceptional case in a larger class of 'third positions: which define various types of situated distance and various mixtures of detachment and involvement An inspection of influential symmetrical 'translations' of the dispute between Hobbes and Boyle, and of recent 'epistemological chicken' and 'capturing' debates, reveals some of the epistemological and political hazards which afflict S&TS's convulsive forward push of the 'symmetry frontier' Given such perils, a case is made for 'weak asymmetry' with regard to the issues of truth vs error, science vs politics, and culture vs nature.://A1996UR23500004?Times Cited: 18 Cited Reference Count: 77 English Article UR235ISI:A1996UR23500004UNIV GRONINGEN,9700 AB GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. Pels, D, AMSTERDAM SCH SOCIAL SCI RES,OUDE HOOGST 24,1012 CE AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS.~? Newton, T. J.2002ACreating the new ecological order? Elias and actor-network theory523-540Academy of Management Review274Oct=This article provides a critique of current work on the "greening" of organizations, especially work based on "ecocentric" argument. I question the meaning of "nature" and use studies of the sociology of order and networks to debate the assumptions of current "green" discourse and its normative rationales. I advance an interdependency network perspective, applying it to the greening of organizations, green technologies, and issues of globalization, and I argue that this perspective offers an alternative theoretical rationale and a potential basis for future research.://000178546600005>Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 113 English Review 603EVISI:000178546600005Univ Exeter, Sch Business & Econ, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. Newton, TJ, Univ Exeter, Sch Business & Econ, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England.A~? Newton, T.20018Organization: The relevance and the limitations of elias467-495 Organization83AugIn this introductory paper, I use a quotation from Elias's (1992) essay on time in order to introduce some key Eliasian concepts. I then explore the relation between power, interdependency and subjectivity through reference to Elias's oft-cited studies of court society as well as his less known analyses of time. Drawing on these referents, I discuss the relation of Elias to current organization theory focusing on Foucauldian work, Marx and labour process theory and, especially, actor-network theory. Eliasian argument has a number of points of contact with current fields of organizational analysis such as organizational strategy, violence in organizations, emotion in organizations, knowledge and discourse, globalization, organizations and the natural environment, etc. The paper briefly reviews such examples before considering certain limitations in Elias's conceptualization of interdependency and subjectivity.://000169997500002>Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 91 English Article 454XRISI:000169997500002Univ Exeter, Sch Business & Econ, Exeter EX4 4PU, Devon, England. Newton, T, Univ Exeter, Sch Business & Econ, Streatham Court,Rennes Dr, Exeter EX4 4PU, Devon, England.~? Murdoch, J.2001dEcologising sociology: Actor-network theory, co-construction and the problem of human exemptionalism111-133=Sociology-the Journal of the British Sociological Association351Feb\While various attempts have been made to Link nature and society more closely together within environmental sociology, it now appears as though there is a general acceptance of rather traditional divisions between these two domains. Yet ecology specifies that natural and social entities are bound together in complex interrelations. Why then does sociology insist on sifting out the social from the natural! The paper takes this question as its starting point and seeks to identify what environmental sociology might gain and lose from a shift towards ecological thinking. It does so by examining the case of actor-network theory, an approach that, in significant respects, closely approximates a kind of 'ecological sociology: Actor-network theory is 'co-constructionist': it seeks to identify how relations and entities come into being together. Critics have focused on the problems of co-constructionism: they have argued that human actors generally possess powers of reflection (through language) and that these powers of reflection provide motive forces for action. Thus some form of social analysis is still necessary. Any ecological sociology will thus need to bring these two perspectives together so that humans and non-humans can be considered within the same frame of reference but so the distinctions that generally field between the two can also be assessed.://000168350200007?Times Cited: 11 Cited Reference Count: 77 English Article 426LGISI:000168350200007Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept City & Reg Planning, Cardiff CF10 3WA, S Glam, Wales. Murdoch, J, Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept City & Reg Planning, Glamorgan Bldg,King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff CF10 3WA, S Glam, Wales.~? Murdoch, J.1998"The spaces of actor-network theory357-374Geoforum294NovoIn this paper I want to consider whether actor-network theory [ANT] gives rise to a new kind of geography, or, perhaps more specifically, a new kind of geographical analysis. The paper therefore seeks to identify the main types of spaces implicated in the typical network configurations found in actor-network studies. Following a review of the ANT literature I conclude that two main spatial types can be discerned, linked to the degrees of remote control and autonomy found in networks. I characterise these two types as 'spaces of prescription' and 'spaces of negotiation'. I go on to elaborate what a geography of prescription and negotiation might imply both for spatial analysis and actor-network theory. This paper is therefore one attempt to think through some of the implications that ANT holds for the study of space. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000078934200001?Times Cited: 37 Cited Reference Count: 82 English Article 172PZISI:000078934200001Univ Wales, Dept City & Reg Planning, Cardiff CF1 3YN, S Glam, Wales. Murdoch, J, Univ Wales, Dept City & Reg Planning, POB 906, Cardiff CF1 3YN, S Glam, Wales. MurdochJL@Cardiff.ac.uk~? Murdoch, J.1997Inhuman/nonhuman/human: actor-network theory and the prospects for a nondualistic and symmetrical perspective on nature and society731-756*Environment and Planning D-Society & Space156DecRecently human geographers and sociologists have begun to focus on the prospects for theories without dualisms. As a result of research on technology, animals, and the environment, it has become evident that a human-centred perspective, which continually positions humans as the only significant actors, cannot adequately take into account the various nonhumans which make up our world and upon which we depend. In large part the human-centredness of much social science derives from a sharp divide, a dualism, between nature and society and between the work of natural and human scientists. In this paper I consider one attempt to transgress this divide and assess the prospects for theories of this kind. The focus here is upon actor-network theory (ANT), an approach developed by Michel Callon, Bruno Latour, and John Law within social studies of science. I first outline the social studies which form the background to the development of ANT and then go on to elaborate the main contours of the approach, with particular emphasis on its transgression of the nature-society distinction. I conclude with a critical assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and attempt to show how it might be usefully combined with other, more traditional, social scientific concerns.://A1997YJ39400006?Times Cited: 58 Cited Reference Count: 93 English Article YJ394ISI:A1997YJ39400006bMurdoch, J, UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF,DEPT CITY & REG PLANNING,POB 906,CARDIFF CF1 3YH,S GLAM,WALES.~? Murdoch, J.19971Towards a geography of heterogeneous associations321-337Progress in Human Geography213SepDualisms have been a recurring feature of sociospatial analysis. Micro/macro, local/global, subject/object, particular/universal - one or more of these dualistic frameworks can be discerned in many geographical texts. Dissolving the dualisms, somehow finding a way through the gaps which open up between them, requires the development of an approach which allows the various scales of social life to be treated symmetrically so that we never have to shift to a different register when studying large-scale or 'big' (usually termed structural) phenomena. It is proposed in this article that a geography of associations, which traces how actions are embedded in materials and then extended through time and space, provides one means of overcoming the dualisms. Drawing upon actor-network theory it is argued that interactions are both 'localized' and 'globalized' using nonhuman entities and these permit certain actor-networks to act at a distance on others. Patterns of centrality and marginality thus emerge as particular power geometries are drawn. Tracing these power geometries by following the associations can only be undertaken in a nondualistic fashion.://A1997YA34900002?Times Cited: 66 Cited Reference Count: 67 English Article YA349ISI:A1997YA34900002bMurdoch, J, UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF,DEPT CITY & REG PLANNING,POB 906,CARDIFF CF1 3YN,S GLAM,WALES.~? Murdoch, J.1995Actor-Networks and the Evolution of Economic Forms - Combining Description and Explanation in Theories of Regulation, Flexible Specialization, and Networks731-757Environment and Planning A275MayDeclarations of societal shift, economic transition, and the dawning of a new era have now become commonplace in social science, particularly in the analysis of economic forms. In this paper, three influential accounts of economic change are examined and are found to be overwhelmingly concerned with identifying new orders, paradigms, or modes of accumulation. First, regulation theory is described. Although this perspective is valuable in its focus upon institutional ensembles and interrelations, it lapses all too easily into structuralism; that is, these institutional ensembles can be explained by their structural 'coupling' to the mode of production and the mode of regulation. Second, flexible specialization is considered. Here again the explanation of new industrial forms is distinguished from their description by the use of 'ideal types'. These types define the contours of the new era. Last, networks are also identified as the dominant organizational form of the post-Fordist era. The argument proposed here is that networks are not new and are insufficiently distinct from other forms of organization, yet they do help to focus attention on network analysis. Drawing upon the work of actor-network theorists, such as Gallon, Latour, and Law, I argue that networks must be analyzed from within; that is, we should seek to follow network builders as they weave together heterogeneous materials. Thus, explanation emerges only once description has been pursued to the 'bitter end'. It is from within the processes of economic change that our own accounts must be constructed, and this militates against theatrical declarations of new orders, eras, etc. We must explain by using the descriptions of network construction and not by recourse to some underlying historical logic.://A1995RB25100006?Times Cited: 65 Cited Reference Count: 72 English Article RB251ISI:A1995RB25100006xMURDOCH, J, UNIV NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE,CTR RURAL ECON,DEPT AGR ECON & FOOD MKT,NEWCASTLE TYNE NE1 7RU,TYNE & WEAR,ENGLAND.~? Munro, R.1999?Power and discretion: Membership work in the time of technology429-450 Organization63AugnThe aim of this paper is to rework contemporary notions of power by acknowledging discretion and membership as the 'other' side of an increasingly familiar story of organizational domination through calculation and surveillance. The paper first identifies neglected aspects of power, particularly associated with a discretionary ability to defer affirmations of membership. Such power effects might seem ephemeral and temporary, but when considered alongside translation effects generated by the technologies of managing particularly accounting numbers, it becomes clearer that discretion can be both redistributed and accumulated in organizations. The ensuing power effects become extended across space and time. It is argued therefore that any full reworking of power needs to consider how 'centres of discretion' are created simultaneously alongside 'centres of calculation'.://000081949900004>Times Cited: 4 Cited Reference Count: 39 English Article 225GKISI:000081949900004Univ Keele, Ctr Social Theory & Technol, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Munro, R, Univ Keele, Ctr Social Theory & Technol, Darwin Bldg, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England.~?Miller, P. Rose, N.1990Governing Economic Life1-31Economy and Society191Feb://A1990CP19200001@Times Cited: 216 Cited Reference Count: 58 English Article CP192ISI:A1990CP19200001BRUNEL UNIV,DEPT HUMAN SCI,UXBRIDGE UB8 3PH,MIDDX,ENGLAND. MILLER, P, UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH ECON & POLIT SCI,DEPT ACCOUNTING & FINANCE,HOUGHTON ST,LONDON WC2A 2AE,ENGLAND.4~?Miller, P. Oleary, T.1994The Factory as Laboratory469-496Science in Context73FalThis paper argues that science and technology studies need to adopt a much wider view of what counts as a laboratory. The factory, it is suggested, is as much a site of invention and intervention as the laboratory. As a site for the government of economic life, the factory is a laboratory par excellence. One particular factory is studied - the Decatur, Illinois, plant of Caterpillar Inc. - as it is rethought and remade in accordance with ideals of cellular manufacturing, Just-In-Time systems, customer-driven manufacturing, and competitor benchmarking. But it is not just the changes at the factory itself that are studied. The paper analyzes the linkages and relays between the redesign of a particular manufacturing plant and the plethora of calls for a revitalization of North American manufacturing industry and a new form of economic citizenship. The paper examines the remaking of a factory as an assemblage, a historically specific and temporarily stabilized complex of relations among ways of problematizing the factory in a multiplicity of locales. There are four steps to the changes analyzed here: a problematizing of the factory at the level of North American manufacturing as a whole in the 1980s; a problematizing of the notion of competitiveness at Caterpillar Inc, through the calculative practices of competitor benchmarking and related expertises; a diagraming of the ideal factory in systems terms; and the embedding of notions of the product, of competitiveness, and of a new economic citizenship in the ''Assembly Highway'' at the Decatur plant. Rethinking the factory took place within this assemblage of relations, rather than at any one site.://A1994QH18500005?Times Cited: 15 Cited Reference Count: 70 English Article QH185ISI:A1994QH18500005NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL CORK,DEPT ACCOUNTING FINANCE & INFORMAT SYST,CORK,IRELAND. MILLER, P, UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH ECON & POLIT SCI,DEPT ACCOUNTING & FINANCE,LONDON WC2A 2AE,ENGLAND.Y~? Miller, P.19906On the Interrelations between Accounting and the State315-338$Accounting Organizations and Society154://A1990DR83300003@Times Cited: 17 Cited Reference Count: 131 English Article DR833ISI:A1990DR83300003KMILLER, P, UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH ECON & POLIT SCI,LONDON WC2A 2AE,ENGLAND.~? McSweeney, B.1997&The unbearable ambiguity of accounting691-712$Accounting Organizations and Society227OctThe paper argues that neither current, nor reformed, accounting can make unambiguous representations, but concludes that the pursuit of that unrealizable ideal is nonetheless perfectly real and eminently productive. Two significant texts in which the claim of judgement-free accounting (accrual or cash-flow) is privileged are analysed. Their attempts to explain, as distinct from simply assert, the possibility are shown to require a series of self-cancelling rhetorical moves. A number of implications of the analysis are then considered. In contrast with some prior Literature which has concluded that a general abandonment of the myth of unambiguous accounting representations is both desirable and possible the article argues, in a discussion of the notion of a ''regulative ideal'', that there is no necessary Link between their critiques and the action they advocate. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.://A1997XV25600004>Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 95 English Article XV256ISI:A1997XV25600004?McSweeney, B, UNIV WARWICK,COVENTRY CV4 7AL,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND.O~?McLean, C. Hassard, J.2004eSymmetrical absence/symmetrical absurdity: Critical notes on the production of actor-network accounts493-519Journal of Management Studies413May"An enduring concern within management and organization studies (MOS) is how to conduct research from perspectives deemed 'alternatives' to those of functionalism and positivism. Our aim is to address this concern with regard to an approach employed by Karen Legge in research on knowledge workers, namely that of actor-network theory (ANT) (or the 'sociology of translation'). Following an introduction to ANT, the views of some its key proponents, and Legge's own use of the approach, the paper presents critical notes on five issues related to the production of ANT accounts - the inclusion and exclusion of actors; the treatment of humans and non-humans; the nature of privileging and status; the handling of agency and structure; and the nature of politics and power in 'heterogeneous engineering'. We discuss the relationships between these issues and the key ANT goal of achieving a sense of 'general symmetry' in the accounting process. In so doing we note how ANT authors are frequently chastised for either failing to take sufficient account of, or promoting too strong a sense of, analytical symmetry in their writing. It is argued that the primary challenge facing ANT researchers is to produce accounts that are robust enough to negate the twin charges of symmetrical absence and symmetrical absurdity.://000220887000007>Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 77 English Article 813DEISI:000220887000007UMIST, Manchester Sch Management, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Hassard, J, UMIST, Manchester Sch Management, POB 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. John.Hassard@umist.ac.uk~?Mangematin, V. Callon, M.1995{Technological Competition, Strategies of the Firms and the Choice of the 1st Users - the Case of Road Guidance Technologies441-458Research Policy243MayBased on an in-depth study of two different road guidance technologies, both under increasing returns to adoption, this paper is an attempt to elucidate the strategic game played by the producers and the first users before the introduction of the technologies onto the market. It shows that it is possible to endogenize the decisions made by the first users (who are chosen by the supplier) as much as those of the suppliers when they choose the first users. When identifying first users, firms evaluate their capacity to influence other potential adopters, a capacity which depends on their position in the social networks to which they belong. In order to enrol the first users, the producers of a technology develop various strategies, including standardization in voluntary standardization committees, pre-announcement, scientific legitimizing and even technological transformation of the product itself. Indeed, the first users who seem strategically vital by the sponsor of the first system are not necessarily the same as those targeted by the sponsors of the second technology. Thus, the degree of substitutability itself appears as an endogenous variable. This analysis provides a new basis for understanding technological competition and completes economic modelling of the competition.://A1995QZ16800007>Times Cited: 3 Cited Reference Count: 47 English Article QZ168ISI:A1995QZ16800007wCSI,ENSMP,F-75272 PARIS 06,FRANCE. MANGEMATIN, V, UNIV PIERRE MENDES FRANCE,INRA,SERD,BP 47X,F-38040 GRENOBLE 9,FRANCE.'~?Lowe, A.2001eCasemix accounting systems and medical coding - Organisational actors balanced on "leaky black boxes"79-100+Journal of Organizational Change Management141The adoption of DRG coding may be seen as a central feature of the mechanisms of the health reforms in New Zealand This paper presents a story of the use of DRG coding by describing the experience of one major health provider The conventional literature portrays casemix accounting and medical coding systems as rational techniques for the collection and Provision of information for management and contracting decisions/negotiations. Presents a different perspective on the implications and effects of the adoption of DRG technology, in particular the part played by DRG coding technology as a part of a casemix system is explicated from an actor network theory perspective. Medical coding and the DRG methodology will be argued to represent "black boxes". Such technological "knowledge objects" provide strong points in the networks which are so important to the processes of change in contemporary organisations.://000167370600006>Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 56 English Article 409EBISI:000167370600006RUniv Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Lowe, A, Univ Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.~? Lockie, S.2004~Collective agency, non-human causality and environmental social movements - A case study of the Australian 'landcare movement'41-57Journal of Sociology401MarThis article explores the implications for social movement theory of recent work in the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) that explicitly rejects dualisms between society and nature, structure and agency, and macro and micro-levels of analysis. In doing so it argues that SSK offers: (1) a theoretically useful definition of collective agency as an achievement of interaction; that is (2) sensitive to the influence of both humans and non-humans in the networks of the social; and (3) provides practical conceptual tools with which to analyse dynamics of power and agency in the ordering of networks. Applying this framework to a case study of the Australian 'landcare movement' it is argued that a range of practices have been used to enact 'action at a distance' over Australian farmers and to 'order' agricultural practices in ways that are consistent with corporate interests while minimizing opposition from conservation organizations otherwise highly critical of chemical agriculture.://000220914900003>Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 58 English Article 813NXISI:000220914900003Univ Cent Queensland, Ctr Social Sci Res, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia. Lockie, S, Univ Cent Queensland, Ctr Social Sci Res, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia. s.lockie@cqu.edu.au ~? Llewellyn, S.19988Boundary work: Costing and caring in the social services23-47$Accounting Organizations and Society231Jan"Where does it stop on costs?"-this paper offers some responses to this question on the appropriate boundaries for costing expertise. The question was posed by a contracts officer within a social services department. The context for the question was an empirical research study in which front line welfare professionals were asked to comment, first, on costing information which could, possibly, assist in making "value for money" assessments and, second, on the contracting regime within which such costing information assumes a potentially highlighted significance. At the first stage of the study welfare professionals were found to be engaged in boundary-work to prevent the encroachment of costs on care activities. "Costing" and "caring" were being managed as "disengaged domains" through the boundary work of obfuscation, "reality-defining" and marginalization. Consequent upon the initial study the social services departments were re-visited two years later. By this time it was apparent that boundary-work had allowed some engagement between costing and caring. The paper argues that processes of alignment between costing and caring and the reconstitution of organizational tasks (including the creation of care "managers") have allowed social work professionals to accept some costing work-work which had previously been defined as "the other". The major themes of this paper are: the exploration of the responses of operational social services personnel to their new financial roles, and the interpretation of change in the social services context through the ideas of boundary-work. These themes are developed through a consideration of the ambiguous tasks of welfare-professionals and the consequent indeterminacy of resourcing decisions. The paper concludes that the limits of applicability of costing are yet to be set in the domain of the social services. (C) 1938 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000071158800002?Times Cited: 10 Cited Reference Count: 85 English Article YN347ISI:000071158800002oUniv Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Llewellyn, S, Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.:~?Lee, N. Hassard, J.1999[Organization unbound: Actor-network theory, research strategy and institutional flexibility391-404 Organization63Aug(We develop two related Actor-Network Theory (ANT) arguments for organizational analysis. The first concerns research strategy and draws upon Latour's (1999) notion of definitional 'sliding' to describe how ANT overcomes its analytical limitations by removing conditions that exclude the 'other'. Through this discussion, we argue that, research wise, ANT appears to be ontologically relativist, in permitting the world to be organized differentially, yet empirically realist in providing 'theory-laden' descriptions of organization. Our second argument concerns institutional boundedness and flexibility, and suggests that ANT's ontological slipperiness may actually be of value for studies of organizational form. We outline how, under AN?: the analytical focus shifts from structural prescription to processual deconstruction, the associated political dimension concerning where and for whom boundaries are produced/consumed. Overall, we argue for organizational field research that avoids any obligation to impose and defend its own theoretical discriminations.://000081949900002?Times Cited: 13 Cited Reference Count: 40 English Article 225GKISI:000081949900002Univ Keele, Sch Social Relat, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Manchester Sch Management, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Lee, N, Univ Keele, Sch Social Relat, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England.C~?JLee, N. Brown, S.1994<Otherness and the Actor Network - the Undiscovered Continent772-790American Behavioral Scientist376May10.1177_0002764294037006005://A1994NH29700004?Times Cited: 45 Cited Rp~?Lee, N.1998Towards an immature sociology458-482Sociological Review463Aug)Sociological theory displays a tendency to depict the social world in terms of completed 'beings'. The social, thus depicted, is a world of powers to 'finish' (such as the power granted to convention to provide for social order), and finished products (such as agents and ethical points-of-view). As sociologists of childhood have attempted to bring children into sociological focus in their own right, the disciplinary concern with the 'complete' has required that children be attributed the properties assumed more normally to belong to adults. The sociology of childhood has thus preserved the privilege of the complete and the mature over the incomplete and the immature. In this paper the key sociological issues of convention, agency and ethics are given a theoretical interpretation that makes them fit for understanding childhood. The ability of convention to complete social order is questioned. Agency is portrayed as the emergent property of networks of dependency rather than the possession of individuals. An alternative to the ethics of 'positions' is offered in the form of an ethics of 'motion'. Where extant sociologies of childhood have brought children into the 'finished' world of sociological theory, this paper uses childhood's ontological ambiguity to open the door onto an unfinished social world.://000074933800003>Times Cited: 6 Cited Reference Count: 62 English Article 102PUISI:000074933800003_Univ Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Lee, N, Univ Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England.~?Lea, M. Oshea, T. Fung, P.1995mConstructing the Networked Organization - Content and Context in the Development of Electronic Communications462-478Organization Science64Jul-AugThis paper presents a case study of the development of electronic communications in a changing organization with the aim of studying the complex relationship between content and context in the design and implementation of technological change in communications. The development of a computer-mediated communication system was followed over a period, of four years during which time the participating organization expanded by acquisition and then reformed in conjunction with its neighbours in other countries into an integrated, ''networked'' organization in preparation for the creation of the Single European Market. The Actor-Network approach, which uses a network metaphor as a framework for understanding the relationship between content and context in technology design, is used to explore the co-construction of the new organizational form and the new communications system. We contrast this approach with traditional and other recently proposed approaches and conclude that the study of actor networks affords an opportunity to transcend the dualities between the technical and the social and between content and context that currently frame studies of electronic communications in organizations.://A1995RN13500007?Times Cited: 14 Cited Reference Count: 36 English Article RN135ISI:A1995RN13500007OPEN UNIV,INST EDUC TECHNOL,MILTON KEYNES,BUCKS,ENGLAND. LEA, M, UNIV MANCHESTER,DEPT PSYCHOL,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND.g~?Law, J.1992PNotes on the Theory of the Actor Network - Ordering, Strategy, and Heterogeneity379-393Systems Practice54AugThis paper describes the theory of the actor-network, a body of theoretical and empirical writing which treats social relations, including power and organization, as network effects. The theory is distinctive because it insists that networks are materially heterogeneous and argues that society and organization would not exist if they were simply social. Agents, texts, devices, architectures are all generated in, form part of, and are essential to, the networks of the social. And in the first instance, all should be analyzed in the same terms. Accordingly, in this view, the task of sociology is to characterize the ways in which materials join together to generate themselves and reproduce institutional and organizational patterns in the networks of the social.://A1992JL46900003?Times Cited: 85 Cited Reference Count: 60 English Article JL469ISI:A1992JL46900003OLAW, J, UNIV KEELE,DEPT SOCIOL & SOCIAL ANTHROPOL,KEELE ST5 5BG,STAFFS,ENGLAND.~? Latour, B.2000\When things strike back: a possible contribution of 'science studies' to the social sciences107-123British Journal of Sociology511Jan-Mar2The contribution of the field of science and technology studies (STS) to mainstream sociology has so far been slim because of a misunderstanding about what it means to provide a social explanation of a piece of science or of an artefact. The type of explanation possible for religion, art or popular culture no longer works in the case of hard science or technology. This does not mean, it is argued, that science and technology escapes sociological explanation, but that a deep redescription of what is a social explanation is in order. Once this misunderstanding has been clarified, it becomes interesting to measure up the challenge raised by STS to the usual epistemologies social sciences believed necessary for their undertakings. The social sciences imitate the natural sciences in a way that render them unable to profit from the type of objectivity found in the natural sciences. It is argued that by following the STS lead, social sciences may start to imitate the natural sciences in a very different fashion. Once the meanings of 'social' and of 'science' are reconfigured, the definition of what a 'social science' is and what it can do in the political arena is considered. Again it is not by imitating the philosophers of science's ideas of what is a natural science that sociology can be made politically relevant.://000084948500007?Times Cited: 18 Cited Reference Count: 52 English Article 277RZISI:000084948500007PCtr Sociol Innovat, Paris, France. Latour, B, Ctr Sociol Innovat, Paris, France.?JFomin, Vladislav Keil, Thomas2000DStandardization: bridging the gap between economic and social theory206-217OProceedings of the twenty first international conference on Information systemsBrisbane, Queensland, Australia#Association for Information Systems4http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=359640.359745#359745 ICIS2000-X2?ILaw, J.1991=Introduction: Monsters, Machines and Sociotechnical Relations1-23CA sociology of monsters: essays on power, technology and dominationLaw, J.London RoutledgeActor-Network Theory, ANT? Latour, B.1991"Technology is society made durable103-131CA Sociology of Monsters? Essays on Power, Technology and DominationLaw, J.London RoutledgeActor-Network Theory, ANT'?I Callon, M.1991,Techno-economic Networks and Irreversibility132-161CA Sociology of Monsters? Essays on Power, Technology and DominationLaw, J.London RoutledgeActor-Network Theory, ANT?I Star, S. L.1991UPower, Technologies and the Phenomenology of Conventions: on being Allergic to Onions26-56CA sociology of monsters: essays on power, technology and dominationLaw, J.London RoutledgeActor-Network Theory, ANTHAn examination of power in relation to technology & the phenomenology of conventions. A model of heterogeneity put forth in the actor network models of Bruno Latour (see SA 36:5/88UO362) & Michel Callon ("Techno-Economic Networks and Irreversibility"; see abstract in this section of SA 40:3) is drawn on to develop a managerial or entrepreneurial model of actor networks. Also investigated are alternative models of heterogeneity & multivocality borrowed from feminist theory & symbolic interactionism, including splitting selves in the face of violence, & multiple membership/marginality. A theory of multiple membership is developed that encompasses the interaction between standardizing technologies & human beings qua members of multiple social worlds, as well as qua cyborgs. 1 Figure, 51 References. Adapted from the source document.P~? Latour, B.1994OPragmatogonies - a Mythical Account of How Humans and Nonhumans Swap Properties791-808American Behavioral Scientist376May://A1994NH29700005?Times Cited: 19 Cited Reference Count: 32 English Article NH297ISI:A1994NH29700005+LATOUR, B, CTR SOCIOL INNOVAT,PARIS,FRANCE.[? Law, J. Hassard, J.1999Actor Network Theory and AfterOxford.Blac"?JWatts, Duncan J.2004The "New" Science of Networks243-270Annual Review of Sociology301 In recent years, the analysis and modeling of networks, and also networked dynamical systems, have been the subject of considerable interdisciplinary interest, yielding several hundred papers in physics, mathematics, computer science, biology, economics, and sociology journals (Newman 2003c), as well as a number of books (Barabasi 2002, Buchanan 2002, Watts 2003). Here I review the major findings of this emerging field and discuss briefly their relationship with previous work in the social and mathematical sciences.Qhttp://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.soc.30.020404.104342 :t8hed by Elsevier Science B.V.://000173190200004>Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 95 English Article 510CBISI:000173190200004Univ Washington, Dept Management Sci, Sch Business, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Commun, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Kaghan, WN, Univ Washington, Dept Management Sci, Sch Business, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.~?" Josserand, E.2004\Organizational knowledge in the making: How firms create, use and institutionalize knowledge487-491Organization Studies253Mar://000220652400009ATimes Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 5 English Book Review 809QYISI:000220652400009mUniv Paris 09, CREPA, F-75775 Paris 16, France. Josserand, E, Univ Paris 09, CREPA, F-75775 Paris 16, France. ~?# Jensen, T. E.1999xThe construction of scientific facts in social science - A case study in how data are combined in an anthropoloical text260-278Nordisk Psykologi514Dec5This article examines the following question: How do social scientists construct an ordered, coherent account from the different types of data they collect through, for example, participant observations and interviews? The question is discussed in relation to the traditional methodological literature and through a case study of an anthropological test by Latour & Woolgar (1979). The case study outlines three distinct data combination methods used sequentially by Latour & Woolgar. Reflecting on the case study, the author depicts social science as continual transformations of previously established combinations of ontologies and data. This constructionist view rejects the idea of social scientific bets as "discoveries" and advocates the view that facts are constructions within particular socio-material networks.://000084898000002=Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 17 Danish Article 276VLISI:000084898000002Kobenhavns Univ, Inst Psykol, DK-2300 Kobenhavn S, Denmark. Jensen, TE, Kobenhavns Univ, Inst Psykol, Njalsgade 88, DK-2300 Kobenhavn S, Denmark.~?$Hirschauer, S.2001YEthnographic writing and the silence of the social - Towards a methodology of description429-451Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie306DecThis article treats one of the problems of ethnographic methodology. It spells out description as a fundamental sociological practice. The paper focusses on working out the main problem which is solved by descriptions: the verbalization of the "silent" dimension of the social. First, ethnographic writing is introduced as a documentary procedure. It has been devalued by more advanced recording techniques which have set a naturalistic standard with respect to the reification and decontextualization of "data". This standard is discussed in the perpective of the sociology of knowledge. Subsequently, the article elaborates on those problems which are left untouched by all empirical procedures that rely on primordial verbalizations of informants: interviews, discourse-analysis, and conversation- analysis. Ethnographic writing has to solve the problems of the voiceless, the mute, the unspeakable, the prelinguistic, and the indescribable. Ethnography puts something into words which did not previously exist in language. To fulfill this task of shifting the limits of articulation descriptions have to turn away from the logic of recording and develop into theory-oriented research practice, which must be assessed not in terms of its documentary accuracy, but in terms of its analytical performance.://000173130100002=Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 70 German Article 509DRISI:000173130100002;Hirschauer, S, Danziger Str 17, D-33605 Bielefeld, Germany.~?%Hetherington, K. Law, J.2000After networks127-132*Environment and Planning D-Society & Space182Apr://000086845100001ITimes Cited: 9 Cited Reference Count: 52 English Editorial Material 310UDISI:000086845100001'~?&Hassard, J. Law, J. Lee, N.1999@Themed section: Actor-network theory and managerialism - Preface387-390 Organization63Aug://000081949900001HTimes Cited: 5 Cited Reference Count: 6 English Editorial Material 225GKISI:000081949900001 UMIST, Manchester Sch Management, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. Univ Keele, Sch Social Relat, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Hassard, J, UMIST, Manchester Sch Management, POB 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England.1~?' Hardy, C. Phillips, N. Clegg, S.2001fReflexivity in organization and management theory: A study of the production of the research 'subject'531-560Human Relations545MayIn this article, we draw on actor-network theory (ANT) to reflexively investigate the role of the researcher and the research community in the production of a research subject. We review our earlier work, which explores how the dynamics of refugee systems help to produce the research subject - in this case, the refugee, We then use ideas from ANT to move beyond the more conventional institutional and discursive analyses that are used in these articles. We include not just the activities of actors in the refugee system in our analysis, but also our own activities as researchers, as well as those of the broader research community. We use the concept of translation to explore the role of these actors in the processes of social construction that produce refugees as a subject of academic study, which is related to, but distinct from, the 'social' subject produced in the social setting under study. Generalizing from our own research experience, we argue for a reconceptualization of reflexivity in organization and management theory, which moves beyond the common view of heroic individuals struggling to understand and manage their role in their research towards an understanding of reflexivity as involving the research community as a whole.://000168504500001>Times Cited: 5 Cited Reference Count: 116 English Review 429FCISI:000168504500001Univ Melbourne, Dept Management, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. McGill Univ, Fac Management, Strategy & Org Area, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Univ Technol Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Hardy, C, Univ Melbourne, Dept Management, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia.~?(Hansen, A. Mouritsen, J.1999Managerial technology and netted networks. 'Competitiveness' in action: The work of translating performance in a high-tech firm451-471 Organization63AugOrganizational practices weave in and our of different networks. In this paper, we argue and illustrate that the existence and importance of networks in organizations vary according to particular management concerns. Some networks are typically dormant and are called forth only in situations of 'crisis'; they may be invisible to organizational participants in conditions of normality. Via organizational concerns, such as hierarchy and control, productivity and profitability, in some episodes some networks (which we call managerial technologies) are made important to condition other networks that operate in continuous time (we call them business technologies). The paper's empirical domain is a small high-tech producer in Denmark. The paper discusses the linkages between actor networks, attempts to discuss how each makes claims to 'competitiveness' and assesses how they mobilize each other in situations where one network is impacting on other networks to condition and change them. This reflects the intricate effects of different networks all having a spokesperson and a materiality that claim privileged access to 'competitiveness' and its translation into organizational decision-making.://000081949900005>Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 15 English Article 225GKISI:000081949900005Copenhagen Business Sch, Dept Operat Management, Sch Business, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. Hansen, A, Copenhagen Business Sch, Dept Operat Management, Sch Business, Howitzvej 60, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.~?) Hands, D. W.1997fConjectures and reputations: The sociology of scientific knowledge and the history of economic thought695-739History of Political Economy294Win://000073413700008>Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 107 English Review ZL249ISI:000073413700008Univ Puget Sound, Dept Econ, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. Hands, DW, Univ Puget Sound, Dept Econ, 1500 N Warner, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. hands@ups.edu~?* Hall, P. M.1997AMeta-power, social organization, and the shaping of social action397-418Symbolic Interaction204HInteractionist analyses of social organization stimulate examination of how social situations and collective activity are shaped. Meta-power, the creation and control of distal situations, and organization as a structuration of metapower are used as tools for exploring the shaping of situations. Five metapower processes are presented: strategic agency, rules and conventions, structuring situations, culture construction, and empowering delegates. These processes illustrate how situations are created or altered. This paper offers a view of social organization that emphasizes relations among situations, linkages between consequences and conditions, and networks of collective activity across space and time. The conclusion calls for additional research to make more explicit the nature of social organization and its social conditions.://A1997YA68400005?Times Cited: 22 Cited Reference Count: 41 English Article YA684ISI:A1997YA68400005FHall, PM, UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT SOCIOL,109 SOCIOL BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211._~?+Gendron, Y. Barrett, M.2004wProfessionalization in action: Accountants' attempt at building a network of support for the WebTrust seal of assurance563-602 Contemporary Accounting Research213FalqThis paper examines the attempts by the North American accounting institutes to develop a new market in e-commerce assurance based on their claims to professional expertise through the WebTrust project. Employing actor-network theory in an in-depth longitudinal field study, we investigate how WebTrust was originally developed and promoted as a seal of business-to-consumer assurance, which largely failed to generate support in the marketplace. Proponents were subsequently able to generate more interest in the eyes of managers of online organizations by reshaping WebTrust as a flexible set of principles and criteria for systems advice and business-to-business assurance. Our analysis suggests that attempts to expand the accounting profession's domain of expertise reflect a trial-and-error process where the outcome achieved may be far from the vision that motivated the institutes into under-taking the project in the first place. We further show that the initial network of support for such projects can be quite fragile and dynamic as various actors reposition themselves around the shifting meanings attributed to the project.://000224079400004>Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 74 English Article 856XMISI:000224079400004Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Gendron, Y, Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada.c~?, Garrety, K.1997eSocial worlds, actor-networks and controversy: The case of cholesterol, dietary fat and heart disease727-773Social Studies of Science275Oct(Knowledge which links dietary fat and cholesterol to coronary heart disease (CHD) has been controversial for more than forty years. While policies advocating fat and cholesterol restriction are now deeply ingrained in affluent western societies, the scientific 'facts' on which they are supposedly based are highly contested. Applying concepts from actor-network theory and the symbolic interactionist social worlds approach, I argue that knowledge and dietary recommendations relating to cholesterol, fat and CHD are the outcome of complex social negotiations which can only be understood in their cultural, commercial and political contexts. Policies were framed in the 1960s before 'proof' of their efficacy was available. Since then, ambiguous experimental results have been shaped to support the policies. I argue that, despite its many attractive features, actor-network theory cannot adequately deal with protracted controversies. Social worlds theory provides a much more useful framework for investigating long debates in which the 'facts' remain elusive.://000073325400002>Times Cited: 9 Cited Reference Count: 253 English Review ZK479ISI:000073325400002Univ New S Wales, Sch Sci & Technol Studies, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Wollongong, Dept Sci & Technol Studies, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia. Garrety, K, Univ New S Wales, Sch Sci & Technol Studies, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. kgarret@tgpi.com.au~?- Fuller, S.2000Why science studies has never been critical of science - Some recent lessons on how to be a helpful nuisance and a harmless radical5-32!Philosophy of the Social Sciences301Mar$Research in Science and Technology Studies (STS) tends to presume that intellectual and political radicalism go hand in hand. One would therefore expect that the most intellectually radical movement in the field relates critically to its social conditions. However, this is not the case, as demonstrated by the trajectory of the Parisian School of STS spearheaded by Michel Gallon and Bruno Latour. Their position, "actor-network theory," turns out to be little more than a strategic adaptation to the democratization of expertise and the decline of the strong nation-state in France over the past 25 years. This article provides a prehistory of this client-driven, contract-based research culture in U.S, sociology of the 1960s, followed by specific features of French philosophical and political culture that have bred the distinctive tenets of actor-network theory Insofar as actor-network theory has become the main paradigm for contemporary STS research, it reflects a field that dodges normative commitments in order to maintain a user-friendly presence.://000085632600001>Times Cited: 4 Cited Reference Count: 46 English Article 289QCISI:000085632600001tUniv Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Fuller, S, Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.~?. Frickel, S.1996PEngineering heterogeneous accounts: The case of Submarine Thermal Reactor Mark-I28-53!Science Technology & Human Values211Win1Within science and technology studies, few approaches have generated more contention-or more misunderstanding-than the ''actor-network'' analyses of Callon, Latour, and Law. Although many have taken critical issue with this approach, few studies have engaged the strengths and weaknesses of actor-network theory on its own terms. This article presents two arguments that constitute a critical engagement across (rather than against) actor-network terrain. First, the author suggests that the confusion surrounding actor-network accounts lies partially in the ambiguous role played by ''social context'' and argues for the political and explanatory importance of resketching the boundaries between the laboratory and society. Second, the author argues that a semiotic perspective is not necessarily an exclusive one and that different ways of telling stories about technoscientific practice can be combined usefully. These arguments are illustrated with a mostly Latourian account of the development of the STR Mark-I, the world's first ''fully engineered'' nuclear reactor.://A1996TM85200002>Times Cited: 5 Cited Reference Count: 61 English Article TM852ISI:A1996TM85200002GFrickel, S, UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT SOCIOL,1180 OBSERV DR,MADISON,WI 53706.~?/Fox, S.2000:Communities of practice, Foucault and actor-network theory853-867Journal of Management Studies376Sep<The paper discusses some of the main contributions to the theory of communities of practice (COP theory), especially as it relates to organizational learning. The paper does not attempt a full overview but concentrates on the notion of power relations. Early COP theory was formulated as part of situated learning theory, and promised to work on issues of social context and unequal power relations. Foucault's work and actor-network theory (ANT) is introduced and forms the basis of a constructive critique of COP theory. The paper argues that COP theory and ANT can enrich each other and together make a stronger contribution to our understanding of organizational learning. Specifically, these perspectives question the value in viewing organizations as formal, canonical entities as far as learning and change are concerned.://000166066400005?Times Cited: 13 Cited Reference Count: 39 English Article 386MQISI:000166066400005Univ Lancaster, Sch Management, Dept Management Learning, Oxford OX4 1JF, England. Fox, S, Univ Lancaster, Sch Management, Dept Management Learning, Oxford OX4 1JF, England.~?0Few, R.2002WResearching actor power: analyzing mechanisms of interaction in negotiations over space29-38Area341MarTurning complex theories on social power into research practice is no easy task. Drawing on recent debates in geography and associated disciplines, this paper illustrates one means of operationalizing the study of power deployed by actors in a negotiating arena through the elucidation of motives, resources and tactics. The discussion is based on the methods and findings of a case study of community involvement in protected area planning.://000174852300004>Times Cited: 3 Cited Reference Count: 37 English Article 539CNISI:000174852300004RS Bank Univ, London, England. Few, R, S Bank Univ, Wandsworth Rd, London, England.V~?1 Enticott, G.2001GCalculating nature: the case of badgers, bovine tuberculosis and cattle149-164Journal of Rural Studies172AprThe aim of the paper is to examine the governmentalities associated with attempts to manage nature. In particular, it assesses the role that numbers have played in rural governance. Numbers are seen as an important tool of modern government. However, like other aspects of science, their use in governing nature has been contested by other epistemologies. Drawing upon efforts to regulate the spread of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, the paper firstly examines how numbers have been used in this policy debate. Secondly, the paper outlines three epistemologies of nature - nature as numbers, nature as known and ecological nature - which have been employed in contesting government policy. Finally the paper concludes by analysing the interactions of these knowledges of nature and considering the voice of the badger in these constructions of its identity. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000169206700002>Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 81 English Article 440ZNISI:000169206700002Cardiff Cty Council, Cardiff CF10 4UW, S Glam, Wales. Enticott, G, Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Cardiff Business Sch, Local & Reg Govt Res Unit, Cardiff CF10 3EU, S Glam, Wales.r~?2 Edwards, T.20006The machine at work: Technology, work and organisation469-473Journal of Management Studies373May://000088486800008ATimes Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 7 English Book Review 339PHISI:000088486800008cNottingham Trent Univ, Nottingham, England. Edwards, T, Nottingham Trent Univ, Nottingham, England.$~?3Doolin, B. Lowe, A.2002XTo reveal is to critique: actor-network theory and critical information systems research69-78!Journal of Information Technology172JuncIt has been suggested that, in order to maintain its relevance, critical research must develop a strong emphasis on empirical work rather than the conceptual emphasis that has typically characterized critical scholarship in management. A critical project of this nature is applicable in the information systems (IS) arena, which has a growing tradition of qualitative inquiry. Despite its relativist ontology, actor-network theory places a strong emphasis on empirical inquiry and this paper argues that actor-network theory, with its careful tracing and recording of heterogeneous networks, is well suited to the generation of detailed and contextual empirical knowledge about IS. The intention in this paper is to explore the relevance of IS research informed by actor-network theory in the pursuit of a broader critical research project as defined in earlier work.://000177615200004>Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 72 English Article 586ZCISI:000177615200004Univ Waikato, Sch Management, Hamilton, New Zealand. Doolin, B, Univ Waikato, Sch Management, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand.~?4Deuten, J. A. Rip, A.20006Narrative infrastructure in product creation processes69-93 Organization71FebIn product creation processes, perhaps even more than in organization processes in general, uncertainties are addressed and complexity is reduced. In retrospect, linearized success stories are told. The history of a product innovation in a biotechnology firm is used to show how actually, over time, attributions and typifications in stories, and the implied stories contained in interactions, link up and an overall plot emerges. Such a social-semiotic analysis identifies the narrative infrastructure which enables, as well as constrains, further actions, just like narrative enables and constrains the characters involved. in the specific 'genre' of product creation processes, the role of 'hero' shifts from the project team to the emerging product itself. Managers and other actors involved can profit from the reflexive understanding offered by social-semiotic analysis, and avoid becoming captive of the path they follow, er en, though reflexivity may hinder the build-up of thrust in the process.://000084919500005>Times Cited: 6 Cited Reference Count: 40 English Article 277EJISI:000084919500005Univ Twente, Ctr Studies Sci Technol & Soc, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Deuten, JA, Univ Twente, Ctr Studies Sci Technol & Soc, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.~?5de Laet, M. Mol, A.20007The Zimbabwe Bush Pump: Mechanics of a fluid technology225-263Social Studies of Science302AprIn this paper we investigate the intricacies of an admirable water pumping device - the Zimbabwe Bush Pump 'B' type - so as to find out what makes it an 'appropriate technology'. This turns out to be what we call the 'fluidity' of the pump (of its boundaries, or of its working order, and of its maker). We find that in travelling to intractable places, an object that isn't too rigorously bounded, that doesn't impose itself but tries to serve, that is adaptable, flexible and responsive - in short, a fluid object - may well prove to be stronger than one which is firm. By analyzing the success and failure of this device, its agency and the way in which it shapes new configurations in the Zimbabwean socio-technical landscape, we partake in the current move in science and technology studies to transform what it means to be an actor. And by mobilizing the term love for articulating our relation to the Bush Pump, we try to contribute to shaping novel ways of 'doing' normativity.://000086929700002?Times Cited: 15 Cited Reference Count: 60 English Article 312EFISI:000086929700002CALTECH, Div Humanities & Social Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. de Laet, M, CALTECH, Div Humanities & Social Sci, HSS 228-77,331-C Baxter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.~?6 de Laet, M.2000GPatents, travel, space: ethnographic encounters with objects in transit149-168*Environment and Planning D-Society & Space182AprAIn this paper, an ethnographical take on objects in motion, I follow the travel of patents from their places of origin in the Western world of technoscience to newly developing worlds. I argue that not only does the influx of patents and patent systems change the sociotechnical configurations in which they emerge; the patent itself-or so I claim-changes with its travel as well, and so it is a different thing in different places. I thus link the nature of things with the places in which they operate, and frame the patent as both a changeable object and an agent of change.://000086845100003>Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 32 English Article 310UDISI:000086845100003Columbia Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. de Laet, M, CALTECH, Div Humanities & Social Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.~?7Colignon, R. A. Covaleski, M.19937Accounting Practices and Organizational Decision-Making299-317Sociological Quarterly342In this paper we argue for the importance of a sociologically informed study of organizational accounting practices. By making the nexus between accounting and decision making problematic, instead of given, we move issues of interpretation and hierarchical control to the center stage of understanding the social construction of accounting practices. We suggest that inductive case studies of the organizational setting is a promising methodological strategy for identifying how accounting operates as an organizational control system. We focus on debates and proceedings of the board of directors as an overlooked source of data on decision making and organizational practices. We show how accounting practices are part of the strategic control system that functions to interpret the environment and direct the adaptation of the organization in a manner particular to the substantive rationality of corporate decision makers. illustrate these contentions with a case study of accounting practice changes over a six year period.://A1993LD79000006>Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 47 English Article LD790ISI:A1993LD79000006oUNIV WISCONSIN,GRAD SCH BUSINESS,MADISON,WI 53706. COLIGNON, RA, DUQUESNE UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15282.~?8 Chua, W. F.1995Experts, Networks and Inscriptions in the Fabrication of Accounting Images - a Story of the Representation of 3 Public Hospitals111-145$Accounting Organizations and Society202-3Feb-Apr(This ethnography of three Australian hospitals seeks to understand how and why new accounting systems are ''experimented'' with in organizations. Latour's sociology of translation is adapted to argue that accounting change emerged not because there was certain knowledge of positive economic outcomes but because an uncertain faith, fostered by expert-generated inscriptions and rhetorical strategies, was able to tie together shifting interests in an actor network The paper also highlights how accounting may ironically be both real and a simulation.://A1995QQ37800002?Times Cited: 12 Cited Reference Count: 78 English Article QQ378ISI:A1995QQ378000029CHUA, WF, UNIV NEW S WALES,KENSINGTON,NSW 2033,AUSTRALIA.~?9Callon, M. Law, J.1997]After the individual in society: Lessons on collectivity from science, technology and society165-182=Canadian Journal of Sociology-Cahiers Canadiens De Sociologie222SprThe social sciences have devised a series of strategies in order to overcome the division between individual and collective action. However, science, technology and society (STS) has shown that this distinction is only one possible configuration far action and its distribution. In order to investigate other possible configurations, STS proposes four principles: that the social is heterogeneous in character; that all entities are networks of heterogeneous elements; that these networks are both variable in geometry and in principle unpredictable; and that every stable social arrangement is simultaneously a point (an individual) and a network (a collective). If sociological analysis is to overcome the individualism/holism division it should attend to the range of hybrid configurations.://A1997YB16500001>Times Cited: 7 Cited Reference Count: 33 English Article YB165ISI:A1997YB16500001EKEELE UNIV,KEELE,STAFFS,ENGLAND. Callon, M, ECOLE MINES,PARIS,FRANCE.~?:Bruun, H. Langlais, R.2003 On the embodied nature of action31-49Acta Sociologica461MarA theory of the embodiment of action is proposed. Reflections on relations between human intentions, the human body and the notion of agency lead us to argue that phenomenological analysis is not sufficient for such a theory. Our consideration, that the most fundamental level of embodied agency is that of life itself, brings us to the philosophy of biology and the theory of the organism: briefly, certain parts of the natural environment are intrinsic to the constitution of organisms and, in their more sophisticated configuration, as agents. Action is embodied in the sense that certain physiological processes are internal in relation to it and play a constitutive role in its performance. The way in which environment, context and consciousness affect and constitute the nature of agency at personal and sub-personal levels is elaborated. We see that human agents perceive and act upon their world through a complex shifting between those levels. A summary of the ways in which the social sciences can be enriched by this more comprehensive view of human agency provides the basis of justification for claiming Actor-Network Theory (ANT), originally developed by sociologists studying science and technology, as a promising framework for the continuation of this reasoning.://000182585600003>Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 54 English Article 673MWISI:000182585600003Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Environm Protect, FI-02015 Helsinki, Finland. Bruun, H, Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Environm Protect, POB 2300, FI-02015 Helsinki, Finland.~?; Brown, S. D.2002BMichel Serres - Science, translation and the logic of the parasite1-+Theory Culture & Society193JunThe work of Michel Serres has not found a great audience within Anglophone Social Science, despite his substantial influence on modem Science Studies. This article offers an introduction to his thought. Serres is a global thinker who describes his work as 'structuralist'. The notion of translation as a way of describing the communication and movements between different forms of knowledge and cultural practice is central. Serres offers a philosophy of science that is in stark opposition to the Bachelardian tradition of 'epistemic ruptures'. In order to make a break with 'breaks', Serres offers an account of science and cultural practice as multiplicities that are immersed within noise. Structure, when it emerges, comes about in acts of parasitism. Serres then explores how human relations obey a 'parasite logic' which contains an attendant risk of sacrifice. This risk is managed through the circulation of 'quasi-objects'. Serres' later work poses the question of what we can hope for when this circulation itself begins to falter.://000178255900001>Times Cited: 3 Cited Reference Count: 40 English Article 598BUISI:000178255900001lUniv Loughborough, Loughborough, Leics, England. Brown, SD, Univ Loughborough, Loughborough, Leics, England.~?<Briers, M. Chua, W. F.2001The role of actor-networks and boundary objects in management accounting change: a field study of an implementation of activity-based costing237-269$Accounting Organizations and Society263AprThis field study seeks to illustrate how an organisation's accounting system can be changed by a heterogeneous actor-network of local and global actors and actants. In particular, it focusses on the role of boundary that were able to stabilise and mediate diverse interests. Five types of boundary objects were identified - data repositories, visionary objects ideal type objects, coincident boundaries and standardized protocols. Here, accounting change was anti-heroic - the effort of many as opposed to a powerful few had to be corralled. Also, change was cyclical, as new accounting technologies were adopted on faith, made to 'work/succeed' temporarily, and then abandoned. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000167379300003>Times Cited: 6 Cited Reference Count: 47 English Article 409HYISI:000167379300003Univ New S Wales, Sch Accounting, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Chua, WF, Univ New S Wales, Sch Accounting, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. ~?= Bloomfield, B. P. Vurdubakis, T.1999JThe outer limits: Monsters, actor networks and the writing of displacement625-647 Organization64NovThis article focuses on science fiction and actor network theory as ways of writing displacement which are relevant to organization studies. Recent work within organizational theory and related (sub)disciplines has suggested that the articulation of organization as a privileged site of presence is made possible by that which is Othered and excluded (or rather deferred) as representing disorganization and disorder. Organizations in this view constitute 'incomplete and transient' accomplishments always under threat from various forms of intrusion and displacement. By way of illustration, two examples of displacement/intrusion and their associated organizational 'dramas of proof' are examined as a way of exploring how the Other, the alien and out of place, is realized in representation.://000083789800004>Times Cited: 3 Cited Reference Count: 88 English Article 257PDISI:000083789800004Univ Lancaster, Sch Management, Lancaster LA1 4YX, England. UMIST, Manchester Sch Management, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Bloomfield, BP, Univ Lancaster, Sch Management, Lancaster LA1 4YX, England.~?> Bloomfield, B. P. Vurdubakis, T.1997vVisions of organization and organizations of vision: The representational practices of information systems development639-668$Accounting Organizations and Society227OctThis paper examines how particular ''inscription devices'' institute versions of the objects that they purport to render visible. It refers to a group of representational practices centred on data modelling and information requirements analysis to illustrate the argument, and sets the issue in the context of the practice of representation constitutive of the grammatocentric organization-in this case the UK National Health Service. A central theme of the paper concerns the way visions of organization (articulated through vocabularies of efficiency, effectiveness, the centrality of information in management, management by objectives, etc.) are translated into specific alignments of the gaze, specific organizations of vision (such as data modelling, etc.). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.://A1997XV25600002?Times Cited: 3 Cited Reference Count: 110 English Article XV256ISI:A1997XV25600002nBloomfield, BP, UNIV MANCHESTER,INST SCI & TECHNOL,MANCHESTER SCH MANAGEMENT,MANCHESTER M60 1QD,LANCS,ENGLAND.~?? Bloomfield, B. P. Vurdubakis, T.1994RRe-Presenting Technology - It Consultancy Reports as Textual Reality Constructions455-477=Sociology-the Journal of the British Sociological Association282MayThis paper examines the reports produced by management consultants as exercises in textual reality construction. Concentrating on a particular variant of this genre - namely, the information technology (IT) strategy report - its focus is on the ways in which 'reality' and the forms of knowledge appropriate to it are constituted in the course of certain communicative practices. More specifically, we look at the practices that aim to control technology for organisational purposes; and we illustrate our case with a discussion on the textual practices through which the boundary between the 'technical' and the 'social' is constructed and sustained. In this connection it ig worth noting that consultancy reports on IT reflect a concern central to social scientific inquiry - namely, the analytical relationship between the 'social' and 'technical' domains. Our starting point is to situate such reports within the broader category of textual and graphical constructs - inscriptions - which in various fields of enquiry and application, discipline and practice, are used to represent reality in order to act on it, control or dominate it, as well as to secure the compliance of others in that domination.://A1994NP49900005>Times Cited: 8 Cited Reference Count: 45 English Article NP499ISI:A1994NP49900005wBLOOMFIELD, BP, UMIST,MANCHESTER SCH MANAGEMENT,CTR RES ORG MANAGEMENT & TECH CHANGE,POB 88,MANCHESTER M60 1QD,ENGLAND.~?@Bloomfield, B. P. Danieli, A.1995The Role of Management-Consultants in the Development of Information Technology - the Indissoluble Nature of Sociopolitical and Technical Skills23-46Journal of Management Studies321JanThis paper explores the role of management consultants in the development of information technology (IT) in organizations. Contending that the process of IT systems development is characterized by the exercise of power, the central theme of the argument concerns the indissoluble nature of the technical and socio-political skills inherent in IT consultancy practice. IT consultancy practice is not just socio-political when winning a contract - the sales pitch - and technical when developing an IT system. Rather, socio-political skills centered on the mobilization of discursive and symbolic resources are an inherent part of the construction of such systems.://A1995QD70100002?Times Cited: 27 Cited Reference Count: 57 English Article QD701ISI:A1995QD70100002MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIV,MANCHESTER,ENGLAND. BLOOMFIELD, BP, UNIV MANCHESTER,INST SCI & TECHNOL,CTR RES ORG MANAGEMENT & TECH CHANGE,POB 88,MANCHESTER M60 1QD,LANCS,ENGLAND.~?ABloomfield, B. P. Best, A.1992SManagement-Consultants - Systems-Development, Power and the Translation of Problems533-560Sociological Review403AugThis paper aims to shed light on the exercise of power during the development and implementation of organisational information systems. Considering the use of Information Technology (IT) to help solve organisational problems, we employ the concept of the 'sociology of translation' to theorise the process by which the organisational problem is constituted and for which the appropriate IT solution is proposed. Discussing the nature of the power relationship between external management consultants in IT and client or user organisations, the paper considers the role of symbolic resources such as managerial discourse, and the differential access to IT knowledge and skills, as important aspects of power in that relationship.://A1992JF28700004?Times Cited: 14 Cited Reference Count: 37 English Article JF287ISI:A1992JF28700004UNIV MANCHESTER,INST SCI & TECHNOL,PROGRAMME INFORMAT & COMMUN TECHNOL RES INITIAT,MANCHESTER M60 1QD,LANCS,ENGLAND. BLOOMFIELD, BP, UNIV MANCHESTER,INST SCI & TECHNOL,SCH MANAGEMENT,MANCHESTER M60 1QD,LANCS,ENGLAND.eb~?BJBarry, A. Slater, D.2002'Introduction: the technological economy175-193Economy and Society312May+This article is an overview of Michel Callon's contribution to the reformulation of economic sociology and anthropology. It contextualizes Callon's concepts within science and technology studies, and indicates the main lines of influence on his thinking about economic processes. Callon's work also opens up a number of debates and challenges to current perspectives within economic sociology. Finally, the article considers the way in which Callon's perspective reconfigures both the relation of politics and economics, and the nature of politics itself.DOI: 10.1080/03085140220123117ITimes Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 61 English Editorial Material 539ZKISI:000174903300001Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, Dept Sociol, London SE14, England. Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Dept Sociol, London WC2, England. B\~?C Barry, A.19935The History of Measurement and the Engineers of Space459-468*British Journal for the History of Science2691Dec://A1993MT29100005ETimes Cited: 9 Cited Reference Count: 74 English Article Part 4 MT291ISI:A1993MT29100005>BARRY, A, GOLDSMITHS COLL,DEPT SOCIOL,LONDON SE14 6NW,ENGLAND.?DYochai Benkler20025Coase's Penguin, or, Linux and The Nature of the Firm369The Yale Law Journal1123VOpen source software Internet Production cooperatives Advantages Socioeconomic factorsDec 2002This article explains why free software is one example of a much broader social-economic phenomenon emerging in the digitally networked environment, a third mode of production called commons-based peer production. The widespread use of commons-based peer production on the Internet through a number of detailed examples is demonstrated. The article uses these examples to reveal fundamental characteristics of commons-based peer production that distinguish it from the property- and contract-based modes of firms and markets. The central distinguishing characteristic is that groups of individuals successfully collaborate on large-scale projects following a diverse cluster of motivational drives and social signals rather than market prices or managerial commands. The article then explains why this mode has systematic advantages over markets and managerial hierarchies in the digitally networked environment when the object of production is information or culture. TY - JOUR00440094p~?E Franck, G.2002^The scientific economy of attention: a novel approach to the collective rationality of science3-26Scientometrics551,Information communication; Science; TheoriesSepfDescribes science as a highly developed market economy in which researchers invest their own attention in order to obtain the attention of others. Viewed like this, scientific communication appears to be a market where information is exchanged for attention. Scientific information is measured in terms of the attention it earns. Since scientists demand scientific information as a means of production, the attention that a theory attracts is a measure of its value as a capital good. On the other hand, the attention a scientist earns is capitalized into the asset called reputation. (Original abstract - amended)0138-9130 refs. English128093 8205.080000?FCallon, M. Actor Network Theory2001>International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences62-66"Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. BaltesOxfordElsevier Science LtdThe term 'actor network theory' (ANT) combines two words usually considered as opposites: actor and network. It is reminiscent of the old, traditional tensions at the heart of the social sciences, such as those between agency and structure or micro- and macro- analysis. Yet, ANT, also known as the sociology of translation, is not just another attempt to show the artificial or dialectical nature of these classical oppositions. On the contrary, its purpose is to show how they are constructed and to provide tools for analyzing that process. One of the core assumptions of ANT is that what the social sciences usually call 'society' is an ongoing achievement. ANT is an attempt to provide analytical tools for explaining the very process by which society is constantly reconfigured. What distinguishes it from other constructivist approaches is its explanation of society in the making, in which science and technology play a key part.`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WVS-46RT89G-4J/2/2a172d7b3a8e475b23be837b9b488128 TY - CHAP 0080430767 ?GBeagle, Donald.20016The Sociotechnical Networks of Scholarly Communication421-443!portal: Libraries and the Academy14The complex state of flux in scholarly communications and publishing today cannot be described or analyzed adequately in economic or technological terms. Actor-Network Theory (ANT) offers an interdisciplinary vocabulary and methodology that may have promising application to understanding this flux and its impact on libraries. Key terms and concepts advanced by several ANT researchers are applied to an overview of the evolution of scholarly communications networks and to an analysis of the strategy of the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC). A possible adaptation of the Jenkins-Fricke analytical matrix for tracking actors across the network is also discussed, as well as its potential as a predictive mechanism for anticipating future network elaboration.Qhttp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v001/1.4beagle.html 1530-7131?HLaw, J.1999+After ANT: Complexity, Naming, and Topology1-14Actor Network Theory and AfterLaw, J. Hassard, J.Oxford.Blackwell Publishers / The Sociological Review?I Latour, B.1999On Recalling ANT15-25Actor Network Theory and AfterLaw, J. Hassard, J.Oxford.Blackwell Publishers / The Sociological Review?J Callon, M.1999&Actor-Network Theory - the market test181-195Actor Network Theory and AfterLaw, J. Hassard, J.Oxford.Blackwell Publishers / The Sociological Review?K Law, John1992NNotes on the Theory of the Actor-Network: Ordering, Strategy, and Heterogenity379-393Systems Practice54Ahttp://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/papers/Law-Notes-on-ANT.pdf?L Clarke, A. E.19914Social Worlds/Arenas Theory as Organizational Theory119-158KSocial Organization and Social Processes: Essays in Honor of Anselm Strauss Maines, D. R.New YorkAldine De Gruyter?MStar, S. L. Griesemer, J. R.1989Institutional ecology, 'translations,' and boundary objects: amateurs and professionals in Berkely's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907 - 39387-420Social Studies of Science19?NRossi, Maria Alessandra2004bDecoding the "Free/Open Source (F/OSS) Puzzle" - a Survey ofTheretical and Empirical Contributions*http://opensource.mit.edu/papers/rossi.pdf~?OKling, R. McKim, G.1999BScholarly communication and the continuum of electronic publishing890-9067Journal of the American Society for Information Science5010.Electronic publishing; Scholarly communicationAug[Provides an analytical approach for evaluating disciplinary conventions and for proposing policies about scholarly electronic publishing. Characterises 3 dimensions of scholarly publishing as a communicative practice (publicity, access and trustworthiness) and examines several forms of paper and electronic publications in this framework. The common claim that e-publishing substantially expands access is oversimplified. Peer reviewing provides valuable functions for scholarly communication that are not effectively replaced by self-posting articles in electronic media. (Original abstract - amended)0002-8231 il. refs. English90072 4692.870000~?P+Kling, Rob  McKim, Geoffrey  King, Adam 2003[A Bit More to It: Scholarly Communication Forums as Socio-Technical Interaction Networks. 47 541L COMMUNICATION in learning & scholarship   ELECTRONIC discussion groups 2003k In this article, we examine the conceptual models that help us understand the development and sustainability of scholarly and professional communication forums on the Internet, such as conferences, pre-print servers, field-wide data sets, and collaboratories. We first present and document the information processing model that is implicitly advanced in most discussions about scholarly communications—the "Standard Model." Then we present an alternative model, one that considers information technologies as Socio-Technical Interaction Networks (STINs). STIN models provide a richer understanding of human behavior with online scholarly communications forums. They also help to further a more complete understanding of the conditions and activities that support the sustainability of these forums within a field than does the Standard Model. We illustrate the significance of STIN models with examples of scholarly communication forums drawn from the fields of high-energy physics, molecular biology, and information systems. The article also includes a method for modeling electronic forums as STINs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]   21p   4 charts, 4 diagrams   8872180 `D?Q2Star, Susan Leigh Bowker, Geoffrey Neumann, Laura2003xTransparency beyond the Individual Level of Scale: Convergence between Information Artifacts and Communities of Practice=Digital Library Use: Social Practice in Design and Evaluation2Bishop, Ann Butterfield, Barbara Van House, NancyCambridge, Massachusetts MIT Presst?RStrauss, Anselm L.1978A Social World Perspective119-128Studies in Symbolic Interaction1?Svan House, Nancy A.20036Science and Technology Studies and Information Studies3-863Annual Review of Information Science and Technology38Cronin, BlaiseInformation Today, Inc. ?TVan House, Nancy A.2003:Digital Libraries and Collaborative Knowledge Construction271-295=Digital Library Use: Social Practice in Design and Evaluation2Bishop, Ann Butterfield, Barbara Van House, NancyCambridge, Massachusetts MIT Press>?U Strubing, J.1997NSymbolic interactionism revisited: Concepts for science and technology studies368-&Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie2658cancer-research; social worlds; sociology; ecology; workOct`German STS research has paid little attention to the empirical and theoretical contributions of symbolic interactionism. Therefore, this article aims to give both an overall view of the development of theoretical concepts from E.C. Hughes and A.L. Strauss to the recent STS studies of, for example, S.L. Star and J. Fujimura and a short introduction to some of the key concepts the latter have developed in their empirical work in the domains of engineering work, molecular biology, and distributed artificial intelligence. Following this, some aspects of the special achievements of symbolic interactionism are discussed. Although this is not a comparison of the STS-approaches, some comparative notions with respect to different constructivist approaches from ethnomethodology to laboratory studies to the actor-network approach appear in the concluding section.://A1997YE43900004 Times Cited: 3 Cited Reference Count: 78 Cited References: BECKER HS, 1960, AM J SOCIOL, V66, P32 BENDILFALLAH S, 1988, THESIS U SO CALIF LO BLOOR D, 1976, KNOWLEDGE SOCIAL IMA BLUMER H, 1969, SYMBOLIC INTERACTION BOHNSACK R, 1996, IN PRESS SENSIBILITA BOWKER G, 1997, THESIS U ILLINOIS UR CALLON M, 1982, SOC STUD SCI, V12, P612 CALLON M, 1985, SOCIOL REV MONOGR, V32, P196 CLAKE AE, 1992, SYMB INTERACT, P179 CLARKE AE, 1985, THESIS U CALIFORNIA CLARKE AE, 1991, SOCIAL ORG SOCIAL PR, P119 CLARKE AE, 1992, RIGHT TOOLS JOB WORK, P3 CRESSEY PG, 1932, TAXI DANCE HALL SOCI DUNCKER E, 1997, IN PRESS GETTING NEW, P233 FELT U, 1995, WISSENSCHAFTSFORSCHU FIEGUTH G, 1994, INFORMATIONSMANAGEME FINE GA, 1995, 2 CHICAGO SCH DEV PO FISHER B, 1979, SYMB INTERACT, V2, P9 FLICK U, 1992, ANAL VERBALER DATEN, P11 FUJIMURA JH, 1987, SOC STUD SCI, V17, P257 FUJIMURA JH, 1988, SOC PROBL, V35, P261 FUJIMURA JH, 1992, SCI PRACTICE CULTURE, P168 GALANT MJ, 1983, SYMB INTERACT, V6, P1 GALTUNG J, 1969, SOC SCI INFORM, V20, P817 GERSON EM, 1983, KNOWLEDGE, V4, P357 GLASER BG, 1980, DISCOVERY GROUNDED T HAFERKAMP H, 1987, SYMB INTERACT, V10, P141 HALFMANN J, 1995, TECHNIK GESELLSCHAFT, V8 HASSE R, 1995, VORTR AN TAG NEUER E HAYES RF, 1980, SIGART NEWSL, V73, P51 HEINTZ B, 1993, KOLNER Z SOZIOL SOZ, V45, P528 HEINTZ B, 1993, THESIS FRANKFURT HENDERSON K, 1995, CULTURES COMPUTING, P196 HUGHES EC, 1971, SOCIOLOGICAL EYE JOAS H, 1988, KOLNER Z SOZIOLOGIE, V40, P417 JOAS H, 1992, KREATIVITAT HANDELNS JOERGES B, 1995, TECHNIK GESELLSCHAFT, P31 KLING R, 1978, SYMB INTERACT, V1, P24 KNORRCETINA K, 1984, FABRIKATION ERKENNTN KNORRCETINA K, 1995, VORTR GEH ANL TAG NE LATOUR B, 1979, LABORATORY LIFE SOCI LATOUR B, 1987, SCI ACTION LATOUR B, 1988, PASTEURIZATION FRANC LAW J, 1988, SOC PROBL, V35, P284 LYNCH M, 1991, ETHNOMETHODOLOGY HUM, P77 LYNCH M, 1992, SCI PRACTICE CULTURE, P283 MAINES DR, 1977, ANN REV SOCIOLOGY, V3, P239 MALSCH T, 1996, KUNSTLICHE INTELLIGE, V2, P6 MEAD GH, 1973, GEIST IDENTITAT GESE NEUMANN LJ, 1995, THESIS U ILLINOIS UR PICKERING A, 1992, SCI PRACTICE CULTURE, P1 PICKERING, 1995, MANGLE PRACTICE TIME RAMMERT W, 1995, TECHNIK GESELLSCHAFT, P31 RIEMANN G, 1991, SOCIAL ORG SOCIAL PR, P333 SCHUTZE F, 1987, SOZIOLINGUISTIK, P520 SHIBUTANI T, 1955, AM J SOCIOL, V60, P562 STAR FL, 1995, ECOLOGIES KNOWLEDGE, P1 STAR SL, 1988, SOC PROBL, V35, P197 STAR SL, 1989, DISTRIBUTED ARTIFICI, V2, P37 STAR SL, 1989, SOC STUD SCI, V19, P387 STAR SL, 1991, SOCIAL ORG SOCIAL PR, P265 STAR SL, 1996, COGNITION COMMUNICAT, P296 STAR SL, 1996, INFORM SYST RES, V7, P111 STAR SL, 1997, WEB WIND STRUCTURE I STRAUSS A, 1963, HOSP MODERN SOC, P147 STRAUSS A, 1978, NEGOTIATIONS STRAUSS A, 1985, SOCIOL QUART, V26, P1 STRAUSS AL, 1978, STUDIES SYMBOLIC INT, V1, P119 STRAUSS AL, 1988, SOCIOLOGICAL Q, V29, P163 STRAUSS AL, 1993, CONTINUAL PERMUTATIO STRAUSS AL, 1996, GROUNDED THEORY STRUBING J, 1996, SIGN KNOWL SOC C BIE STRUBING J, 1997, THESIS FU BERLIN STRUBLING J, 1993, THESIS DEUTSCHER U W SUCHMAN L, 1987, PLANS SITUATED ACTIO TIMMERMANS S, 1995, ARCHITECTURE DIFFERE WAGNER G, 1995, PROGRAMMIERTE MED ST WELTZ F, 1992, SOFTWAREPROJEKT PROJ German Review Z SOZ YE439 Z. Soziol.ISI:A1997YE43900004XStrubing, J, FREE UNIV BERLIN,INST SOZIOL,BABELSBERGER STR 14-16,D-10715 BERLIN,GERMANY.>?V Star, S. L.1992=The Trojan Door - Organizations, Work, and the Open Black-Box395-410Systems Practice54imaterial practice; situated cognition; distributed cognition; boundary; network; nondeterminist knowledgeAug*This paper summarizes recent work on organizations, artificial intelligence systems, human-computer interaction, etc., which emphasizes the situated, distributed, and fluid nature of social systems. This contrasts with the traditional way of writing and thinking about social systems which sees them as disembodied, ideal. formal notions of thought. The implications of this new view of systems for social actors, information, knowledge, and technology are discussed. The literature reviewed offers a new way of talking about systems and their practices.://A1992JL46900004" Times Cited: 13 Cited Reference Count: 77 Cited References: AGRE P, 1988, MIT1085 ART INT LAB ANDERSON B, 1989, CONSTRUCTION SITE CO ANDERSON B, 1990, UNPUB FORMULATING OR ANDERSON B, 1991, UNPUB COMPUTER SUPPO BANNON L, 1990, UNPUB CSCW WHATS NAM BECKER HS, 1960, AM J SOCIOL, V66, P32 BENDIFALLAH S, 1988, 60 U SO CAL DEP COMP BODKER S, 1988, SEP P C COMP SUPP CO, P377 BOWERS JM, IN PRESS THEORY PSYC BOWKER G, 1991, 24TH P ANN HAW INT C, V4, P73 BOWKER G, 1991, UNPUB SOC STUD SCI BROWN JS, 1989, EDUC RES, V18, P32 BROWN JS, 1989, LEARNING IMPROVISATI BROWN JS, 1990, ORG SCI, V2, P40 CALLON M, 1986, MAPPING DYNAMICS SCI CHARVOLIN F, 1991, 4S M CAMBRIDGE CLARKE AE, 1990, SOC PROBL, V37, P18 CLARKE AE, 1991, SOCIAL ORG SOCIAL PR, P119 COLE M, IN PRESS PERSPECTIVE COLE M, 1989, IN PRESS P CTR EXCEL COLE M, 1990, C HUMAN DEV RICHMOND DEWEY J, 1920, RECONSTRUCTION PHILO DEWEY J, 1949, KNOWING KNOWN ENGESTROM Y, 1987, LEARNING EXPANDING A ENGESTROM Y, 1990, COLLECTIVE REMEMBERI, P139 ENGESTROM Y, 1990, LEARNING WORKING IMA, P171 ENGESTROM Y, 1991, Q NEWSLETTER LABORAT, V13, P79 FORSYTHE D, IN PRESS KNOWLEDGE S FUJIMURA J, 1988, SOC STUD SCI, V17, P257 FUJIMURA J, 1991, SOCIAL ORG SOCIAL PR, P207 GASSER L, 1986, ACM T OFFIC INFORM S, V4, P205 GASSER L, 1992, DECENTRALIZED ARTIFI, V3 GERSON EM, 1986, ACM T OFFIC INFORM S, V4, P257 GIBSON JJ, 1979, ECOLOGICAL APPROACH GOGUEN J, 1991, UNPUB DRY WET HALL R, 1990, THESIS U CALIFORNIA HALL RP, 1989, ARTIF INTELL, V39, P39 HARPER R, IN PRESS ACCOUNT ORG HARPER RR, 1988, J INTERDISCIPLINARY, V2, P297 HEWITT C, 1985, BYTE, V10, P223 HUHNS M, 1989, DISTRIBUTED ARTIFICI, V2 HUTCHINS E, 1980, CULTURE INFERENCE TR HUTCHINS EL, 1986, Q NEWSLETTER LAB COM, V8, P47 JIROTKA M, 1990, SOCIAL ORG ORG JORDAN B, 1989, SOC SCI MED, V28, P925 KING J, IN PRESS ORG SCI KLING R, 1982, ADV COMPUT, V21, P3 KLING R, 1988, SOC PROBL, V35, P226 KUUTI K, 1991, P EUROPEAN C COMPUTE LATOUR B, 1979, LABORATORY LIFE SOCI LATOUR B, 1988, PASTEURIZATION FRENC LAVE J, IN PRESS SITUATED LE LAVE J, 1988, COGNITION PRACTICE M LAW J, 1986, POWER ACTION BELIEF, P234 LAW J, 1992, SYST PRACTICE, V5, P379 LYNCH M, IN PRESS ETHNOMETHOD MEAD GH, 1964, SELECTED WRITINGS, P306 MIDDLETON D, 1990, COLLECTIVE REMEMBERI ORR J, 1990, THESIS CORNELL U ORR JE, 1990, COLLECTIVE REMEMBERI, P169 PERROW C, 1984, NORMAL ACCIDENTS LIV RESTIVO S, 1983, SOCIAL RELATIONS PHY SCHMIDT K, 1990, RISOM2890 RIS NAT LA SHAPIN S, 1989, AM SCI, V77, P554 STAR SL, IN PRESS COMMUNICATI STAR SL, IN PRESS RIGHT TOOLS STAR SL, 1983, SOC STUD SCI, V13, P205 STAR SL, 1989, REGIONS MIND BRAIN R STAR SL, 1989, SOC STUD SCI, V19, P387 STAR SL, 1990, FUNDAMENTA SCI, V10, P125 SUCHMAN LA, 1987, PLANS SITUATED ACTIO THEVENOT L, 1984, SOC SCI INFORM, V23, P1 THOMAS WI, 1928, CHILD AM BEHAVIOR PR TURNBULL D, 1990, C REDISCOVERING SKIL VYGOTSKII LS, 1978, MIND SOC WENGER E, 1990, THESIS U CALIFORNIA WIECKERT K, 1990, C COMPUTERS QUALITY English Article SYST PRACTICE JL469 Syst. Pract.ISI:A1992JL46900004ESTAR, SL, UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT SOCIOL,326 LINCOLN HALL,URBANA,IL 61801. D>?WBriers, M. Chua, W. F.2001The role of actor-networks and boundary objects in management accounting change: a field study of an implementation of activity-based costing237-269$Accounting Organizations and Society263AprThis field study seeks to illustrate how an organisation's accounting system can be changed by a heterogeneous actor-network of local and global actors and actants. In particular, it focusses on the role of boundary that were able to stabilise and mediate diverse interests. Five types of boundary objects were identified - data repositories, visionary objects ideal type objects, coincident boundaries and standardized protocols. Here, accounting change was anti-heroic - the effort of many as opposed to a powerful few had to be corralled. Also, change was cyclical, as new accounting technologies were adopted on faith, made to 'work/succeed' temporarily, and then abandoned. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000167379300003Times Cited: 6 Cited Reference Count: 47 Cited References: *NAT ASS ACC, 1991, COST MAN UPD ABERNETHY MA, 1996, CONT ACCOUNTING RES, P569 BHIMANI A, 1993, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, P1 BRIERS M, 1997, THESIS UNSW BURCHELL S, 1985, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, P381 CALLON M, 1980, SOCIAL PROCESS SCI I, P197 CALLON M, 1986, MAPPING DYNAMICS SCI CALLON M, 1986, POWER ACTION BELIEF, P196 CHANDLER AD, 1979, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, P3 CHUA WF, 1995, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, V20, P111 COBB J, 1992, ACTIVITY BASED COSTI COOPER R, 1988, HARVARD BUSINESS SEP, P96 COOPER R, 1988, J COST MANAGEMEN FAL, P41 COOPER R, 1988, MANAGE ACCOUNTING, V69, P20 DENT JF, 1991, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, V16, P705 EZZAMEL M, 1990, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, P399 FUJIMURA JH, 1992, SCI PRACTICE CULTURE, P168 GOSSELIN M, 1997, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, V22, P105 HANNERZ U, 1990, GLOBAL CULTURE NATIO, P237 HARVEY D, 1989, CONDITION POSTMODERN HOPWOOD AG, 1987, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, P207 IMAI M, 1991, KAIZEN KEY JAPANS CO INNES J, 1990, MANAGE ACCOUNTING, P3 INNES J, 1991, MANAGEMENT ACCOU OCT, P28 INNES J, 1995, MANAGEMENT ACCOU JUN, P137 JAQUES E, 1989, REQUISITE ORG CEOS G JOHNSON H, 1987, RELEVANCE LOST RISE KANTER RM, 1995, WORLD CLASS THRIVING LATOUR B, 1979, LAB LIFE CONSTRUCTIO LATOUR B, 1983, SCI OBSERVED PERSPEC, P141 LATOUR B, 1987, SCI ACTION LATOUR B, 1988, REPRESENTATION SCI P, P19 LATOUR B, 1991, SOCIOLOGY MONSTERS E, P103 LATOUR B, 1992, SOCIAL DIMENSIONS SC, P272 LATOUR B, 1993, WE HAVE NEVER BEEN M LAW J, 1991, SOCIOLOGY MONSTERS E, P1 LAW J, 1992, SHAPING TECHNOLOGY B LIBBY T, 1996, J MANAGEMENT ACCOUNT, V8, P137 LUKKA K, 1994, COST ACCOUNTING PRAC MERTON R, 1957, SOCIAL THEORY SOCIAL MILLER P, 1987, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, V12, P235 PALEPU K, 1987, ACCOUNTING MANAGEMEN, P73 PRESTON AM, 1992, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, V17, P561 ROBSON K, ACCOUNTING ORG SOC, P547 ROBSON K, 1991, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, P685 SHIELDS MD, 1995, J MANAGEMENT ACC FAL, P148 STAR SL, 1989, SOC STUD SCI, V19, P387 English Article ACCOUNT ORGAN SOC 409HYAccount. Organ. Soc.ISI:000167379300003Univ New S Wales, Sch Accounting, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Chua, WF, Univ New S Wales, Sch Accounting, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.+b>?XDavenport, E. 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Rev. Inform. Sci. Technol.ISI:000174552900005{Napier Univ, Edinburgh EH14 1DJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Davenport, E, Napier Univ, Edinburgh EH14 1DJ, Midlothian, Scotland. >?YGarrety, K. Badham, R.1999gTrajectories, social worlds, and boundary objects: A framework for analyzing the politics of technology277-290-Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing93user involvementSumMany people recognize that politics plays a central role in sociotechnical change. Despite this recognition, however, there is little discussion in the human factors literature about what the term "politics" actually means, and how it can be studied. In this article, we propose a definition of politics, based on symbolic interactionism, a sociological tradition that emphasizes the close relationship between human agency and social structures. We illustrate the use of the approach, and some of its key concepts, through a case study of a human factors intervention in the trial of an intelligent manufacturing system in Australia. 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Factors Ergon. Manuf.ISI:000080882200005Univ Wollongong, Dept Management, N Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Garrety, K, Univ Wollongong, Dept Management, Northfield Ave, N Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. >?ZGriesemer, J. 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Philos.ISI:A1990CT76000001?GRIESEMER, JR, UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHILOSOPHY,DAVIS,CA 95616.d>?[Hall, H.2003LBorrowed theory - Applying exchange theories in information science research287-306&Library & Information Science Research253papua-new-guinea; boundary objects; social-exchange; knowledge management; gift-economy; health-care; systems; perspective; power; cooperationwThis article discusses the applicability of "borrowing" theory originally developed in other disciplines to information science research and, in particular, the analytical concepts and assumptions of social exchange theory as a framework for exploring motivational factors of knowledge sharing in large, distributed, information-intensive organizations. Social exchange theory relates to sociology, psychology, and anthropology; this article discusses the extent to which knowledge has been regarded as an "exchange resource." This section is followed by an analysis of previous work that has tied exchange theory to areas of interest to information scientists. An ongoing research project tests the analytical concepts and assumptions of social exchange theory in a knowledge market and the potential for such work to generate further theory. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. 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Infor. Sci. Res.ISI:000185297700003Napier Univ, Sch Comp, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, Midlothian, Scotland. Hall, H, Napier Univ, Sch Comp, 10 Colinton Rd, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, Midlothian, Scotland. F>?\Hine, C.2002WCyberscience and social boundaries: the implications of laboratory talk on the InternetSociological Research Online72fboundary; discourse; Internet; laboratory; science; sociology scientific knowledge; sociology; scienceAug 31UThis paper examines the use of an online forum for the discussion of laboratory science. It is argued that such forums are significant in the light of claims made for the impact of information and communications technologies (ICTs) on scientific research, and of broader debates about the role of ICTs in reconfiguring social boundaries. It appears that the impacts of ICTs on scientific research are likely to be diverse and unpredictable, in line with emerging findings in other application domains. In particular, the potential to break down the boundaries between science and lay persons, and between different areas of scientific research, is likely to be limited by the ways in which particular forums are preserved as bounded spaces for specific specialisms. In the case of the forum studied in this paper, discursive practices function to re-establish laboratory boundaries in the online setting. Laboratory talk on the Internet may help to break down barriers between individual laboratories, but is not, in itself, any more accessible to lay people than talk in the private spaces of the laboratory.://000177790400006PTimes Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 40 Cited References: *ETAN EXP WORK GRO, 1999, TRANSF EUR SCI INF C *OECD, 2000, SCI CONTEXT, V4, P3 BAYM N, 2000, TUNE IN LOG ON SOAPS BEAULIEU A, 2001, SOC STUD SCI, V31, P635 CAMBROSIO A, 1988, SOC PROBL, V35, P244 CASTELLS M, 2001, INTERNET GALAXY REFL COLLINS HM, 1975, SOCIOLOGY, V9, P205 COLLINS HM, 1998, GOLEM WHAT YOU SHOUL COLLINS HM, 2002, SOC STUD SCI, V32, P235 DAVID M, 1996, SOCIOLOGICAL RES ONL, V1 FUJIMURA J, 1996, CRAFTING SCI SOCIOHI GALISON P, 1999, ARCHITECTURE SCI, P1 GIERYN T, 1999, CULTURAL BOUNDARIES GILBERT GN, 1980, SOCIOLOGY SCI YB, V4, P269 GILBERT GN, 1984, OPENING PANDORAS BOX GOFFMAN E, 1956, PRESENTATION SELF EV HERT P, 1997, INFORM SOC, V13, P329 HINE C, 2000, VIRTUAL ETHNOGRAPHY JORDAN K, 1998, SOC STUD SCI, V28, P773 KLING R, 2000, J AM SOC INFORMATION, V51 KNORRCETINA K, 1981, MANUFACTURE KNOWLEDG KNORRCETINA K, 1999, EPISTEMIC CULTURES S LATOUR B, 1986, LAB LIFE CONSTRUCTIO LEWENSTEIN BV, 1995, SCI TECHNOL, V20, P123 LIVINGSTONE DN, 1995, ENVIRON PLANN D, V13, P5 LYNCH M, 1985, ART ARTIFACT LAB SCI LYNCH M, 1988, SOC STUD SCI, V18, P265 MATZAT U, 1998, IRISS 98 INT C 25 27 MAXWELL R, 1990, 4 ANN DAINT LECT BOS MEYROWITZ J, 1985, NO SENSE PLACE IMPAC NENTWICH M, 1999, CYBERSCIENCE FUTURE POTTER J, 1996, REPRESENTING REALITY SHAPIN S, 1995, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V21, P289 SHAPIN S, 1998, T I BRIT GEOGR, V23, P5 STAR SL, 1989, SOC STUD SCI, V19, P387 TURKLE S, 1995, LIFE SCREEN IDENTITY WOOLGAR S, 2002, VIRTUAL SOC TECHNOLO WOUTERS P, 2000, 4S EASST C WORLDS TR ZEITLYN D, 1999, RICG313 BRIT LIB RES ZENZEN M, 1982, SOC SCI INFORM, V21, P447 English Article SOCIOL RES ONLINE 589ZASociol. Res. OnlineISI:000177790400006Brunel Univ, CRICT, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Brunel Univ, Dept Human Sci, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Hine, C, Brunel Univ, CRICT, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England.T>?]Kaghan, W. Phillips, N.1998gBuilding the Tower of Babel: Communities of practice and paradigmatic pluralism in organization studies191-215 Organization527cancer-research; technology; barriers; advance; scienceMay In this paper, we argue that the work of Thomas Kuhn lends itself to two conflicting interpretations of the nature of scientific work, and that these have very different implications for debates on paradigmatic pluralism within organization studies. We begin by framing two ideal typical interpretations (a reductionist interpretation and an irreductionist interpretation) of the allegory of the Tower of Babel. We then explore in more depth the irreductionist interpretation of Kuhn that has driven research in the social studies of science' over the last two decades. In line with irreductionist studies, we examine the concept of boundaries between scientific fields and between science and society and argue for a more fluid and dynamic conception than has been common in previous work. We suggest revisions of more traditional conceptions of paradigm, incommensurability, and mature and immature science. 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STAR SL, 1989, SOC STUD SCI, V19, P387 STAR SL, 1995, ECOLOGIES KNOWLEDGE STRAUSS AL, 1987, QUALITATIVE ANAL SOC STRAUSS AL, 1988, IN PRESS J MANAGEMEN STRAUSS AL, 1990, BASICS QUALITATIVE R STRAUSS AL, 1993, CONTINUAL PERMUTATIO VANMAANEN J, 1988, TALES FIELD VANMAANEN J, 1995, ORGAN SCI, V6, P133 VANMAANEN J, 1995, ORGAN SCI, V6, P687 WEBSTER A, 1997, U GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE E WEICK KE, 1990, TECHNOLOGY ORG WEICK KE, 1995, SENSEMAKING ORG WILLIAMS R, 1996, RES POLICY, V25, P865 WITTGENSTEIN L, 1958, PHILOS INVESTIGATION ZUCKERMAN H, 1996, HDB SOCIOLOGY, V41, P251 English Review ORGANIZATION ZR728 OrganizationISI:000074007800003Univ Washington, Dept Management & Org, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Management, Montreal, PQ H3A 1G5, Canada. Kaghan, W, Univ Washington, Dept Management & Org, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. kaghan@u.washington.edu phillips@management.mcgill.ca0ghan, W. N. Bowker, G. C.2001POut of machine age?: complexity, sociotechnical systems and actor network theory253-2690Journal of Engineering and Technology Management183-4sociotechnical systems; actor network theory; complexity; tacit knowledge; communities of practice organization science; strategies; innovation; alignment; firms; time; workSep-DecThis paper compares sociotechnical systems (STS) theory and actor network theory (ANT) as developed by Latour, Callon and Law. We examine how STS and ANT can be viewed as responses to rationalist/functionalist research on large sociotechnical systems and as extensions and elaborations of pragmatist/culturalist frameworks developed in sociology and anthropology. We reexamine, from an actor network perspective, Trist and Bamforth's seminal article in which the concept of a sociotechnical system was introduced. We also discuss how STS ideas on interactive planning can be combined with concepts from ANT to investigate interdependent processes of invention and innovation in large sociotechnical networks. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.://000173190200004Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 95 Cited References: ABBOTT A, 1988, SYSTEM PROFESSIONS E, P435 ABBOTT A, 1997, SOC FORCES, V75, P1149 ACKOFF R, 1997, SOCIOECOLOGICAL PERS, V3, P736 ANDERSON P, 1999, ORGAN SCI, V10, P216 ANDERSON P, 1999, ORGAN SCI, V10, P233 BARLEY SR, 1990, ADMIN SCI QUART, V35, P61 BARLEY SR, 1996, ADMIN SCI QUART, V41, P404 BECKER HS, 1970, SOCIOLOGICAL WORK ME, P358 BECKER HS, 1982, ART WORLDS, P392 BERG M, 1997, RATIONALIZING MED WO, P238 BIJKER WE, 1987, SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION, P405 BIJKER WE, 1992, STUDIES SOCIOTECHNIC, P341 BIJKER WE, 1996, BICYCLES BAKELITES B, P380 BOURDIEU P, 1977, OUTLINE THEORY PRACT, P248 BOURDIEU P, 1990, LOGIC PRACTICE, P333 BOWKER G, 1993, SOC STUD SCI, V23, P107 BOWKER GC, 1994, SCI RUN INFORMATION, P191 BOWKER GC, 1999, SORTING THINGS OUT C, P368 BRAVERMAN H, 1974, LABOR MONOPOLY CAPIT, P465 CALLON M, 1986, POWER ACTION BELIEF, P280 CALLON M, 1992, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, P255 CALLON M, 1995, HDB SCI TECHNOLOGY S, P820 CALLON M, 1999, ACTOR NETWORK THEORY, P256 CHERNS A, 1976, HUM RELAT, V29, P783 CLARKE AE, 1991, SOCIAL ORG SOCIAL PR, P398 DALTON M, 1959, MEN WHO MANAGE FUSIO, P318 DOUGHERTY D, 1992, ORGAN SCI, V3, P179 EMERY F, 1993, SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT SO, V2, P710 EMERY FE, 1965, HUM RELAT, V18, P21 FUJIMURA JH, 1987, SOC STUD SCI, V17, P257 FUJIMURA JH, 1992, SCI PRACTICE CULTURE, P473 FUJIMURA JH, 1996, CRAFTING SCI SOCIOHI, P322 GALISON P, 1997, IMAGELOGIC MAT CULTU, P955 GILLESPIE R, 1991, MANUFACTURING KNOWLE, P282 HARAWAY D, 1991, SIMIANS CYBORGS WOME, P287 HENDERSON RM, 1990, ADMIN SCI QUART, V35, P9 HUGHES EC, 1971, SOCIOLOGIAL EYE SELE, P584 HUGHES TP, 1983, NETWORKS POWER ELECT, P474 HUGHES TP, 1992, TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRIS, P415 JASANOFF S, 1995, HDB SCI TECHNOLOGY S, P820 LATOUR B, 1979, LAB LIFE CONSTRUCTIO, P272 LATOUR B, 1987, SCI ACTION, P274 LATOUR B, 1988, PASTEURISATION FRANC, P273 LATOUR B, 1993, WE NEVER BEEN MODERN, P157 LATOUR B, 1996, ARAMIS LOVE TECHNOLO, P314 LATOUR B, 1999, ACTOR NETWORK THEORY, P256 LATOUR B, 1999, PANDORAS HOPE ESSAYS LAW J, 1992, SYST PRACTICE, V5, P379 LAW J, 1994, ORG MODERNITY, P219 LAW J, 1999, ACTOR NETWORK THEORY, P256 LYNCH M, 1985, ART ARTIFACT LAB SCI, P317 LYNCH M, 1993, SCI PRACTICE ORDINAR, P333 MACKENZIE DA, 1990, INVENTING ACCURACY H, P464 MACKENZIE DA, 1996, KNOWING MACHINES ESS, P338 MALINOWSKI B, 1922, ARGONAUTS W PACIFIC, P527 MARCH JG, 1997, ORG SCI, V8, P697 MARTIN J, 1992, CULTURES ORG 3 PERSP, P228 MATTHEWS JA, 1997, HUM RELAT, V50, P487 MCKELVEY B, 1997, ORGAN SCI, V8, P351 MINTZBERG H, 1985, STRATEGIC MANAGE J, V6, P257 MORGAN G, 1986, IMAGES ORG, P423 NOBLE DF, 1977, AM DESIGN SCI TECHNO, P384 NONAKA I, 1995, KNOWLEDGE CREATING C, P284 ORLIKOWSKI WJ, 1992, ORG SCI, V3, P328 ORLIKOWSKI WJ, 1996, INFORM SYST RES, V7, P63 ORR JE, 1996, TALKING MACHINES, P172 PICKERING A, 1992, SCI PRACTICE CULTURE, P473 PICKERING A, 1995, MANGLE PRACTICE TIME, P287 ROSE NS, 1990, GOVERNING SOUL SHAPI, P304 SCHUMPETER JA, 1934, THEORY EC DEV, P255 SCHUMPETER JA, 1947, CAPITALISM SOCIALISM, P411 SIMON HA, 1976, ADM BEHAV STUDY DECI, P364 SIMON HA, 1996, SCI ARTIFICIAL, P231 SPENDER JC, 1996, STRATEGIC MANAGE J, V17, P45 STAR SL, 1989, REGIONS MIND BRAIN R, P278 STAR SL, 1989, SOC STUD SCI, V19, P387 STAR SL, 1991, SOCIAL ORG SOCIAL PR, P398 STAR SL, 1992, SYST PRACTICE, V5, P395 STAR SL, 1996, ECOLOGIES KNOWLEDGE, P421 STINCHCOMBE AL, 1990, INFORMATION ORG, P391 STRAUSS AL, 1964, PSYCHIAT IDEOLOGIES, P418 STRAUSS AL, 1978, NEGOTIATIONS VARIETI, P275 STRAUSS AL, 1993, CONTINUAL PERMUTATIO, P280 SUCHMAN LA, 1987, PLANS SITUATED ACTIO, P203 TEECE DJ, 1986, RES POLICY, V15, P286 THOMAS RJ, 1994, WHAT MACHIENS CANT D, P314 TRIST E, 1990, SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT SO, V1, P625 TRIST E, 1993, SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT SO, V2, P710 TRIST E, 1997, SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT SO, V3, P736 TRIST EL, 1951, HUM RELAT, V4, P3 VANMAANEN J, 1984, RES ORGAN BEHAV, V6, P287 VAUGHAN D, 1996, CHALLENGER LAUNCH DE, P575 WEICK KE, 1990, TECHNOLOGY ORG, P281 WEICK KE, 1998, ORGAN SCI, V9, P543 WHYTE WF, 1943, STREET CORNER SOC SO, P284 English Article J ENG TECHNOL MANAGE 510CBJ. Eng. Technol. Manage.ISI:000173190200004Univ Washington, Dept Management Sci, Sch Business, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Commun, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Kaghan, WN, Univ Washington, Dept Management Sci, Sch Business, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.!~?_7Karsten, H. Lyytinen, K. Hurskainen, M. Koskelainen, T.2001wCrossing boundaries and conscripting participation: representing and integrating knowledge in a paper machinery project89-98'European Journal of Information Systems102JunIn large, complex knowledge management tasks, representing and integrating knowledge present major challenges. To understand these, we studied two processes: perspective taking across communities of knowing with boundary objects and perspective making within a community by the use of conscription devices. A mutually modifiable object, with sufficient complexity and manageability, appeared to be of crucial importance within a community. Between communities, the role of representations and negotiation over their meaning were emphasised. Implications for computer support point towards combining free form and structure, open and controlled access and modifiability, and parallel synchronised and unregulated communication.://000171713200004Article Sp. Iss. SIISI:000171713200004Univ Turku, Dept Comp Sci, Turku 20530, Finland. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Valmet Corp, Printing Paper Machines, Jyvaskyla, Finland. Karsten, H, Univ Turku, Dept Comp Sci, Lemminkaisenkatu 14 A, Turku 20530, Finland.%W>?`Lamont, M. Molnar, V.2002.The study of boundaries in the social sciences167-195Annual Review of Sociology28culture; identity; inequality; community; borders united-states; identity construction; culture; gender; anthropology; competition; disciplines; ideologies; difference; cognitionIn recent years, the concept of boundaries has been at the center of influential research agendas in anthropology, history, political science, social psychology, and sociology. This article surveys some of these developments while describing the value added provided by the concept, particularly concerning the study of relational processes. It discusses literatures on (a) social and collective identity; (b) class, ethnic/racial, and gender/sex inequality; (c) professions, knowledge, and science; and (d) communities, national identities, and spatial boundaries. It points to similar processes at work across a range of institutions and social locations. It also suggests paths for further developments, focusing on the relationship between social and symbolic boundaries, cultural mechanisms for the production of boundaries, difference and hybridity, and cultural membership and group classifications.+http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/loi/socTimes Cited: 18 Cited Reference Count: 182 Cited References: ABBOTT A, 1988, SYSTEM PROFESSIONS E ABBOTT A, 1995, SOC RES, V62, P857 AGNER P, 1991, SOCIAL SCI MODERN ST ALVAREZ RR, 1995, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V24, P447 ANDERSON B, 1983, IMAGINED COMMUNITIES ANDERSON E, 1999, CODE STREET DECENCY ANZALDUA GE, 1987, BORDERLANDS FRONTERA BARTH F, 1969, ETHNIC GROUPS BOUND, P9 BAUBOCK R, 1998, BLURRED BOUNDARIES M, P17 BECKER P, 1999, CONGREGATIONS CONFLI BENDER T, 1984, STUDIES HIST THEORY, P84 BERDAHL D, 1999, WORLD ENDED REUNIFIC BLAIRLOY M, 2001, GENDER SOC, V15, P687 BLUMER H, 1958, PACIFIC SOCIOLOGICAL, V1, P3 BOBO L, 1996, AM SOCIOL REV, V61, P951 BOLTANSKI L, 1991, JUSTIFICATION EC GRA BORNEMAN J, 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Rev. Sociol.ISI:000178324200008vPrinceton Univ, Dept Sociol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Lamont, M, Princeton Univ, Dept Sociol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.>?aOrlikowski, W. J.2002OKnowing in practice: Enacting a collective capability in distributed organizing249-273Organization Science133distributed competence; geographically distributed organizing; knowing; organizational knowledge; organizing practices organizational knowledge; boundary objects; dynamic theory; identity; firm; identification; information; technology; search; imageMay-JunIn this paper, I outline a perspective on knowing in practice which highlights the essential role of human action in knowing how to get things done in complex organizational work. The perspective suggests that knowing is not a static embedded capability or stable disposition of actors, but rather an ongoing social accomplishment, constituted and reconstituted as actors engage the world in practice. In interpreting the findings of an empirical study conducted in a geographically dispersed high-tech organization, I suggest that the competence to do global product development is both collective and distributed, grounded in the everyday practices of organizational members. 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Orlikowski, WJ, MIT, Alfred P Sloan Sch Management, E53-325,50 Mem Dr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. wanda@mit.edu>?bTimmermans, S. Berg, M.1997QStandardization in action: Achieving local universality through medical protocols273-305Social Studies of Science272 cancer; workApr>In this paper, we argue that universality is always 'local universality'. The achievement of local universality depends on how standards manage the tension involved in transforming work practices, while simultaneously being grounded in those practices. We investigate how this is done in two case studies - an oncology protocol and the Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) protocol. These protocols are viewed as technoscientific scripts which crystallize multiple trajectories. In the process of obtaining local universality, we illustrate how protocols feed off previous standards and practices. We then indicate how the protocols function through the distributed work of a multitude of heterogeneous actors. 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Stud. Sci.ISI:A1997WX71700003UNIV LIMBURG,DEPT HLTH ETH & PHILOSOPHY,NL-6200 MD MAASTRICHT,NETHERLANDS. Timmermans, S, BRANDEIS UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,WALTHAM,MA 02254. U>?cWhite, R. Bradshaw, M.2004UBusiness in action: framing and overflowing in the logistics of an Australian company5-20Journal of Sociology401jactor-network theory; economy; framing; market; overflowing; sociology social-sciences; economy; sociologyMarAs market relations become more pervasive, so the classical sociological issue of the tension between 'economic' and 'social' explanations becomes more salient than ever. Michel Callon has proposed that the Actor-Network Theory (A-NT) developed in science and technology studies provides a useful approach to this tension. In this article we outline his innovatively traditional 'market test' of A-NT, and then test and illustrate it through a contract between an Australian company and a transport logistics consortium that it fostered under changing conditions in its market. We exemplify Callon's case for the co-emergence of calculative and cultural effects, and conclude that business in action is a promising research site for their global reconfiguration.://000220914900001GTimes Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 41 Cited References: ADAS M, 1980, J SOC HIST, V13, P521 BARRY A, 2002, ECON SOC, V31, P285 BURAWOY M, 2001, AM J SOCIOL, V106, P1099 CALLON M, 1981, ADV SOCIAL THEORY ME, P277 CALLON M, 1986, POWER ACTION BELIEF, P196 CALLON M, 1995, S ATL QUART, V94, P481 CALLON M, 1998, LAWS MARKETS, P1 CALLON M, 1998, LAWS MARKETS, P244 CALLON M, 1999, ACTOR NETWORK THEORY, P181 CALLON M, 2001, EC QUALITIES RES WIL CALLON M, 2002, ECON SOC, V31, P194 CAMPBELL JL, 1998, THEOR SOC, V27, P377 COLEMAN J, 1990, FDN SOCIAL THEORY DIMAGGIO P, 1994, HDB EC SOCIOLOGY, P27 DIMAGGIO P, 1998, J INST THEOR ECON, V154, P696 FISHER K, 1997, SOCIOLOGICAL RES ONL, V2 GIDDENS A, 1998, 3 WAY RENEWAL SOCIAL GOFFMAN E, 1959, PRESENTATION SELF EV GOFFMAN E, 1963, STIGMA NOTES MANAGEM GOFFMAN E, 1974, FRAME ANAL ESSAY ORG GOFFMAN E, 1983, AM SOCIOL REV, V48, P1 GRANOVETTER M, 1985, AM J SOCIOL, V91, P481 GRANOVETTER M, 1992, SOCIOLOGY EC LIFE HARDT M, 2000, EMPIRE HIRSCHMAN A, 1970, EXIT VOICE LOYALTY R HOLLINGSWORTH JR, 1997, CONT CAPITALISM EMBE HOPWOOD A, 1994, ACCOUNTING SOCIAL I INGRAM P, 2000, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V26, P525 LATOUR B, 1987, SCI ACTION FOLLOW SC LATOUR B, 1991, WE HAVE NEVER BEEN M LATOUR B, 1999, ACTOR NETWORK THEORY, P15 LATOUR B, 2000, BRIT J SOCIOL, V51, P107 LAW J, 1986, POWER ACTION BELIEF, P234 LAW J, 1994, ORG MODERNITY MILLER D, 2002, ECON SOC, V31, P218 MILLER P, 1990, ECON SOC, V19, P1 MILLER P, 2001, SOC RES, V68, P379 NIELSEN K, 2001, J ECON ISSUES, V35, P505 OLSON M, 1965, LOGIC COLLECTIVE ACT SCOTT J, 1976, MORAL EC PEASANT REB STAR SL, 1989, SOC STUD SCI, V19, P387 English Article J SOCIOL 813NX J. Sociol.ISI:000220914900001Univ Tasmania, Sch Geog & Environm Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. White, R, Univ Tasmania, Sch Geog & Environm Studies, Private Bag 78, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.>?d Yakura, E. K.20025Charting time: Timelines as temporal boundary objects956-970Academy of Management Journal455organization; managementOct<This article investigates the use of visual artifacts to represent time. Timelines, or "Gantt charts," are widely used for scheduling, budgeting, and project management, and they are woven into the fabric of organizational life. Timelines embody objectivist, monotemporal assumptions about time yet allow organizational and occupational subgroups with different assumptions to negotiate and manage time prospectively and retrospectively. Timelines thus function as temporal boundary objects, visual representations of time that are both interpretively flexible and robust.://000178849900008 Times Cited: 4 Cited Reference Count: 62 Cited References: ABBOTT A, 1990, ORGAN SCI, V1, P375 ADAM B, 1990, TIME SOCIAL THEORY ADAM B, 1995, TIMEWATCH SOCIAL ANA AGAR M, 1996, PROFESSIONAL STRANGE BARLEY SR, 1988, MAKING TIME ETHNOGRA, P123 BARRY AM, 1997, VISUAL INTELLIGENCE BERGMANN W, 1992, TIME SOC, V1, P81 BLOOMFIELD BP, 1995, J MANAGE STUD, V32, P23 BOREHAM P, 1983, SOCIOL REV, V31, P693 BORST A, 1993, ORDERING TIME ANCIEN BOWEN DE, 1988, RES ORGAN BEHAV, V10, P43 BROOKS FP, 1975, MYTHICAL MAN MONTH BRUNER JS, 1990, ACTS MEANING BUCCIARELLI LL, 1988, MAKING TIME ETHNOGRA, P92 BUCCIARELLI LL, 1994, DESIGNING ENG CLARK W, 1922, GANTT CHART WORKING DUBINSKAS FA, 1988, MAKING TIME ETHNOGRA, P170 DUBINSKAS FA, 1988, MAKING TIME ETHNOGRA, P3 ELIAS N, 1992, TIME ESSAY GAGLIARDI P, 1990, SYMBOLS ARTIFACTS VI, P3 GIDDENS A, 1984, CONSTITUTION SOC GOODWIN C, 1994, AM ANTHROPOL, V96, P606 GURVITCH G, 1964, SPECTRUM SOCIAL TIME HALL ET, 1989, DANCE LIFE OTHER DIM HASSARD J, 1990, SOCIOLOGY TIME, P1 HASSARD J, 1991, HUM RELAT, V44, P105 HASSARD J, 1996, HDB ORG STUDIES, P581 HENDERSON K, 1991, SCI TECHNOL, V16, P448 HENDERSON K, 1999, LINE PAPER VISUAL RE LEE H, 1999, ORGAN STUD, V20, P1035 LEVIN RI, 1966, PLANNING CONTROL PER MARKS NE, 1966, CPM PERT DIAGRAMMATI MILLS PK, 1986, MANAGING SERVICE IND MULVANEY JE, 1969, ANAL BAR CHARTING SI NANDHAKUMAR J, 2001, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, V26, P193 NOWOTNY H, 1992, TIME SOC, V1, P421 OCHS E, 1997, DISCOURSE STRUCTURE, P185 RATHE AW, 1961, GANTT MANAGEMENT GUI REICH R, 1991, WORK NATIONS ROY DF, 1959, HUM ORGAN, V18, P158 SANJEK R, 1990, FIELDNOTES MAKINGS A SAPOLSKY HM, 1972, POLARIS SYSTEM DEV SHARRON A, 1982, STUDIES SYMBOLIC INT, V4, P63 SPRADLEY JS, 1980, PARTICIPANT OBSERVAT STAR SL, 1989, SOC STUD SCI, V19, P387 STAR SL, 1991, SOCIAL ORG SOCIAL PR, P265 STAR SL, 1999, AM BEHAV SCI, V43, P377 STRAUSS A, 1964, HOSP MODERN SOC, P147 STRAUSS AL, 1987, QUALITATIVE ANAL SOC STRAUSS AL, 1990, BASICS QUALITATIVE R THOMPSON EP, 1967, PAST PRESENT, V38, P56 TRABOLD FW, 1922, GANTT CHART WORKING, P143 TRAWEEK S, 1988, MAKING TIME ETHNOGRA, P39 TRICE H, 1993, OCCUPATIONAL SUBCULT VANMAANEN J, 1984, RES ORGAN BEHAV, V6, P287 VANMAANEN J, 1988, TALES FIELD WRITING WEICK K, 1995, SENSEMAKING ORG YAKURA EK, 2001, AM BEHAV SCI, V44, P1076 YATES J, 1989, CONTROL COMMUNICATIO ZAHEER S, 1999, ACAD MANAGE REV, V24, P725 ZERUBAVEL E, 1979, SOC FORCES, V58, P38 ZERUBAVEL E, 1981, HIDDEN RHYTHMS SCHED English Article ACAD MANAGE J 608MKAcad. 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J.ISI:000178849900008PYakura, EK, Michigan State Univ, Sch Labor & Ind Relat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ~?e Callon, M.1986nSome Elements of a Sociology of Translation - Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St-Brieuc Bay196-233Sociological Review Monograph://A1986AYA3200010 Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 62 Cited References: BARNES B, 1977, INTERESTS GROWTH KNO BARNES B, 1979, NATURAL ORDER HIST S BARNES B, 1982, TS KUHN SOCIAL SCI BAUIN S, DEV AQUACULTURE ANAL BIJKER W, 1986, NEW DIRECTIONS SOCIA BLOOR D, 1976, KNOWLEDGE SOCIAL IMA BOLTANSKI L, 1984, ACTES RECHERCHE SCI, V51, P3 BOURDIEU P, 1972, ESQUISSE THEORIE PRA BOURDIEU P, 1975, SOC SCI INFORM, V14, P19 BRANNIGAN A, 1979, SOC STUD SCI, V9, P423 CALLON M, 1980, SOCIOLOGY SCI YB, V4 CALLON M, 1981, ADV SOCIAL THEORY ME CALLON M, 1981, FUNDAMENTA SCI, V2, P381 CALLON M, 1982, SOC STUD SCI, V12, P615 CALLON M, 1983, SOC SCI INFORM, V22, P191 CALLON M, 1984, CAHIERS STS CNRS, V4, P88 CALLON M, 1985, TEXTS THEIR POWERS M COLLINS HM, 1975, SOCIOLOGY, V9, P205 CRANE D, 1972, INVISIBLE COLLEGES FARLEY J, 1974, B HIST MED, V48, P161 FOUCAULT M, 1976, SURVEILLER PUNIR NAI FREUDENTHAL G, 1984, SOC STUD SCI, V14, P285 GIRARD R, 1961, MENSONGE ROMANTIQUE GIRARD R, 1982, BOUC EMISSAIRE GOULDNER AW, 1971, COMING CRISIS W SOCI GREIMAS AJ, 1979, SEMIOTIQUE DICT RAIS HENNION A, 1983, SOCIOLOGIE TRAVAIL, V4, P435 HESSE MB, 1974, STRUCTURE SCI INFERE HINDESS B, 1982, SOCIOLOGY, V16, P498 KIDDER T, 1982, SOUL NEW MACHINE KNORR KD, 1980, SOCIOLOGY SCI YB, V4 LATOUR B, 1979, LABORATORY LIFE SOCI LATOUR B, 1984, MICROBES GUERRE PAIX LATOUR B, 1985, J BIOL SOCIAL STRUCT LATOUR B, 1985, SOCIOLOGY KNOWLEDGE LAW J, 1982, SOC STUD SCI, V12, P535 LAW J, 1983, SOC SCI INFORM, V22, P237 LAW J, 1984, SCI SOCIAL SCI LAW J, 1985, NEW DIRECTIONS SOCIA LAW J, 1986, SOCIOL REV MONOGR, V32, P234 LECOURT D, 1976, LYSSENKO HIST REELLE LYNCH M, 1982, SOC STUD SCI, V12, P499 MACKENZIE D, 1978, SOC STUD SCI, V8, P35 MERTON RK, 1973, SOCIOLOGY SCI THEORE NADEL SF, 1970, THEORIE STRUCTURE SO PICKERING A, 1980, SOCIOLOGY SCI YB, V4 PINCH T, 1981, SOC STUD SCI, V11, P131 PINCH TJ, 1980, SOCIOLOGY SCI YB, V4 PINCH TJ, 1984, SOC STUD SCI, V14, P399 POPPER K, 1934, LOGIK FORSCHUNG PRIGOGINE I, 1979, NOUVELLE ALLIANCE SERRES M, 1980, HERMES, V5 SERRES M, 1983, DETACHEMENT SHAPIN S, 1979, SOCIOLOGICAL REV MON, V27 SHAPIN S, 1982, HIST SCI, V20, P157 THEVENOT A, 1984, SOCIAL SCI INFORMATI, V23, P1 TOURAINE A, 1974, PRODUCTION SOC WALLIS R, 1979, SOCIOLOGICAL REV MON, V27 WATSON JD, 1968, DOUBLE HELIX WEBER M, 1965, ESSAIS THEORIE SCI YOUNG R, 1981, SCI TECHNOLOGY LABOU YOXEN E, 1981, SCI TECHNOLOGY LABOU English Article SOCIOL REV MONOGR AYA32ISI:A1986AYA32000106CALLON, M, ECOLE NATL SUPER MINES,SOCIOL,PARIS,FRANCE./@?z Callon, M.1998The Laws of the MarketsSociological Review MonographBlackwell Publishers?{ Callon, M.1998?Introduction: the embeddedness of economic markets in economics244-269The Laws of the Markets Callon, M.Blackwell Publishers?} Callon, M.1998RAn Essay on Framing and Overflowing: Economic Externalities Revisited by Sociology244-269The Laws of the Markets Callon, M.Blackwell Publishers*?~Callon, M. Latour, B.1981gUnscrewing the Big Leviathan: how actors macrostructure reality and how sociologists help them to do so277-303`Advances in Social Theory and Methodology: Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies$Knorr-Cetina, K. D. Cicourel, A. V. 0>?g Latour, B.1996.On actor-network theory - A few clarifications369-&ISoziale Welt-Zeitschrift Fur Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung Und Praxis474bThree resources have been developed over the ages to deal with agency. The first one is to attribute to them naturality, and to link them with nature. The second one is to grant them sociality, and to tie them to the social fabric. The third one is to consider them as a semiotic construction, and to relate agency with building of meaning. The originality of science studies comes from the impossibility of clearly differentiating between these three resources. Microbes, neutrinos of DNA are at the same time natural, social and discourse. They are real, human and semiotic entities in the same breath. The article explores the consequences of this peculiar situation which has not been underlined before science studies forced us to retie the links between these three resources. The actor-network theory as developed by Gallon and his colleagues is an attempt to invent a vocabulary to deal with this new situation. The article reviews those difficulties and Fries to overcome them by showing how they may be used to account for the construction of entities, that is for the attribution of nature, society and meaning.://A1996YB85100001aTimes Cited: 12 Cited Reference Count: 30 Cited References: ANDERSON W, 1990, DIDEROTS DREAM ASHMORE M, 1989, SOCIOLOGY SCI KNOWLE BASTIDE F, 1990, REPRESENTATION SCI P, P187 CALLON M, 1986, MAPPING DYNAMICS SCI CALLON M, 1986, POWER ACTION BELIEF, P196 CALLON M, 1989, COWORD ANAL TOOL EVA CALLON M, 1989, METHODE MOTS ASS OUT DELEUZE G, 1968, DIFFERENCE REPETITIO DELEUZE G, 1980, MILLE PLATEAUX GARFINKEL H, 1967, STUDIES ETHNOMETHODO GREIMAS AJ, 1976, MEANING SELECTED WRI HUGHES TP, 1993, NETWORKS POWER ELECT JACOB C, 1992, EMPIRE CARTES APPROC LATOUR B, 1987, SCI ACTION FOLLOW SC LATOUR B, 1988, KNOWLEDGE REFLEXIVIT, P155 LATOUR B, 1988, PASTEURIZATION FRANC LATOUR B, 1988, SOC STUD SCI, V18, P3 LATOUR B, 1994, COMMON KNOWLEDGE, V3, P29 LATOUR B, 1994, SOCIOL TRAV, V36, P587 LATOUR B, 1996, ACCOUNTING SCI NATUR, R11 LATOUR B, 1996, BERLINER SCHLUSSEL E LATOUR B, 1996, COMMON KNOWLEDGE, V5, P76 LEE N, 1994, AM BEHAV SCI, V37, P772 LYNCH M, 1985, ART ARTIFACT LABORAT MOL A, 1994, SOC STUD SCI, V24, P641 PRIGOGINE I, 1979, NOUVELLE ALLIANCE SERRES M, 1983, HERMES LIT SCI PHILO SERRES M, 1987, STATUES SERRES M, 1995, CONVERSATIONS SCI CU STENGERS I, 1993, INVENTION SCI MODERN English Article SOZIALE WELT YB851,Sozial Welt-Zeit. Sozialwiss. Forsch. PraxisISI:A1996YB85100001RLatour, B, ENS MINES,CTR SOCIOL INNOVAT,62 BLVD ST MICHEL,F-75272 PARIS 06,FRANCE.=>?h Stark, D.2001Actor network theory and after96-97+Contemporary Sociology-a Journal of Reviews301Jan://000166757400064 Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 4 Cited References: HUTCHINS E, 1994, COGNITION WILD LAW J, 1999, ACTOR NETWORK THEORY PODOLNY JM, 1995, AM J SOCIOL, V100, P1224 SUCHMAN L, 1987, PLANS SITUATED ACTIO English Book Review CONTEMP SOCIOL 398LFContemp. Sociol.-J. Rev.ISI:000166757400064WColumbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Stark, D, Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.?iVarian, Hal R.19979The AEA's Electronic Publishing Plans: A Progress Report95-104 Journal of Economic Perspectives113General Economics (0110) Sociology of Economics (citation analyses; departmental rankings; etc.) (A140) General Economics: General (A100) 1997///SummerThis paper describes the American Economic Association's electronic publishing plans. Special attention is given to the JSTOR project and to pricing issues. There is also some speculation about how journals and publication will evolve in this new medium.http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/]TY - JOUR Accession Number: 0434252 . Publication Type: Journal Article. Update Code: 19971208953309U CA, Berkeley;׾?j(Biggart,Nicole Woolsey Beamish,Thomas D.2003[THE ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY OF CONVENTIONS: Habit, Custom, Practice, and Routine in Market Order443-464Annual Review of Sociology291^Economic sociology and economics have tried to explain the organization and stability of market capitalism mostly by arguing for the effects of social structure on the patterning of relations, or for the role of the price system in balancing the demands of individual economic actors. In North America, the primary alternative to structural and individualist theories of market order has been network theory, a meso-level attempt to bridge over- and undersocialized views of actors. In Europe, the primary attempt to develop more realistic economics has centered on the role of conventions in shaping economic activity. We describe theories of market order, show how convention theory and related approaches represent a novel alternative, and suggest how convention theory can supplement network theory and institutional approaches to understanding market order.+http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/loi/socJournal ArticleAnnual Review of Sociology'?k-Bowker, G.C. Star, S.L. Turner, W. Gasser, L.1999PSocial science, technical systems, and cooperative work: beyond the great divide132-1340Professional Communication, IEEE Transactions on422 TY - JOUR 0361-14340Professional Communication, IEEE Transactions on?l(Griffith, Terri L. Dougherty, Deborah J.2001ABeyond socio-technical systems: introduction to the special issue207-2180Journal of Engineering and Technology Management183-42001/9RThis article serves as an introductory essay to this special issue of Journal of Technology and Management. It identifies and articulates the broad themes of the five papers included in this issue. Additionally, it outlines areas where further research is likely to make considerable contributions to the field of socio-technical systems._http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VF3-44G8NV3-1/2/90f4d1e379bc3325d389563b346a4b5d TY - JOUR?mHaythornthwaite, Caroline1996ZSocial network analysis: An approach and technique for the study of information exchange*1323-342&Library & Information Science Research1841996/0qSocial network analysis is an approach and set of techniques used to study the exchange of resources among actors (i.e., individuals, groups, or organizations). One such resource is information. Regular patterns of information exchange reveal themselves as social networks, with actors as nodes in the network and information exchange relationships as connectors between nodes. Just as roads structure the flow of resources among cities, information exchange relationships structure the flow of information among actors. Social network analysis assesses information opportunities for individuals or groups of individuals in terms of exposure to and control of information. By gaining awareness of existing information exchange routes, information providers can act on information opportunities and make changes to information routes to improve the delivery of information services._http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W5R-45MD77D-3/2/80a1d1ab1484fcbbd4d9d8cef7af2ec5 TY - JOUR:than, William N. Bowker, Geoffrey C.2001POut of machine age?: complexity, sociotechnical systems and actor network theory253-2690Journal of Engineering and Technology Management183-42001/9This paper compares sociotechnical systems (STS) theory and actor network theory (ANT) as developed by Latour, Callon and Law. We examine how STS and ANT can be viewed as responses to rationalist/functionalist research on large sociotechnical systems and as extensions and elaborations of pragmatist/culturalist frameworks developed in sociology and anthropology. We reexamine, from an actor network perspective, Trist and Bamforth's seminal article in which the concept of a sociotechnical system was introduced. We also discuss how STS ideas on interactive planning can be combined with concepts from ANT to investigate interdependent processes of invention and innovation in large sociotechnical networks._http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VF3-44G8NV3-4/2/965f372cf1168bedb24719125aa55834 TY - JOUR?oKing, J.L. Star, S.L.1990UConceptual foundations for the development of organizational decision support systems 143-151 vol.3aSystem Sciences, 1990., Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Hawaii International Conference oniiidecision support systems social sciences systems analysis boundary objects cooperative interaction due process group decision support systems information systems organizational decision processes organizational decision support systemsIt is noted that the effort to construct organizational decision support systems (ODSS) is new to the field of information systems but draws heavily on previous experience with decision support systems (DSS) and group decision support systems (GDSS). The conceptual foundations of this new venture are not well established, but the most logical approach to designing ODSS would be to simply scale-up GDSS technologies to deal with larger groups at the organizational level. However, a careful examination of the character of decision processes at the individual, group, and organizational level suggests that organizational decision processes differ significantly from group decision processes, and features of GDSS that are useful at the group level might well be dysfunctional at the organizational level. Simple scale-up is therefore not a recommended approach. Instead, a broader view of organizational decision processes as an open-system problem is presented, in which ODSS technologies might be constructed to facilitate two important, existing features of group decision making: the maintenance of articulated due process and the establishment of boundary objects TY - CONFaSystem Sciences, 1990., Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Hawaii International Conference onM?p:Lynch, M. Science and Technology Studies: Ethnomethodology2001>International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences 13644-13647"Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. BaltesOxfordElsevier Science LtdEthnomethodology is a research program that studies 'folk methods' (tacit knowledge, routine practices, and ordinary language) for producing social order. Starting in the 1960s, ethnomethodologists studied practices in a broad range of ordinary and professional settings. Ethnomethodology's orientation to local practices and situated knowledge influenced social constructionist and discourse-analytic approaches in science and technology studies. Ethnomethodologists examined social science research practices, and assigned no special epistemological status to social scientific methods. This research policy is known as 'ethnomethodological indifference,' and it is similar in some respects to the 'symmetry' postulate in the sociology of scientific knowledge. Unlike many sociologists of scientific knowledge, ethnomethodologists do not treat professional sociology as a basis for authoritative explanations of other practices. Ethnomethodology has been criticized for its apparent lack of epistemological foundation and normative commitment, but proponents of the approach argue that their understandings and judgments have an ordinary basis in communal life rather than an epistemological foundation furnished by an academic school, theory, or method.`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WVS-46RN35F-4F/2/0964cc4b1fe38dc26108f4d75f09325f TY - CHAP 0080430767L?q1McNamara, Christopher Baxter, Jane Chua, Wai Fong2004/Making and managing organisational knowledge(s)53-76Management Accounting Research1512004/3'This paper engages with critical discourse problematising knowledge management. It does so in the context of a field study of a multinational, fast moving consumer goods company based in Australia. Applying actor-network theory, four knowledge networks are assembled: first, knowledge as reassembling, repositing and reusing; second, knowledge as importing and standardising skills; third, knowledge as sharing, linking and acting from a distance; and, fourth, knowledge as locating knowledge. These knowledge networks highlight the heterogeneous constructs mobilised by organisational participants in the name of knowledge management. As such, this paper contributes to an understanding of the constitution of organisational knowledges--these being achieved through a diverse set of activities, actors and actants. The paper also highlights a plurality of organisational knowledges and thus questions the centrality of accounting inscriptions in disciplinary accounts of knowledge networks. It demonstrates the need to understand accounting knowledge objects as part of a larger constellation of organisational knowledges. Finally, it suggests that a plurality of knowledges enables a 'decentring' of knowledge networks and the possible formation of localised sites of resistance/domination in the post-industrial era._http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WMY-49YHC0H-1/2/8776ef43e4dae3e6b7aa9ece19210ecd TY - JOUR?rPartha, Dasgupta David, Paul A.1994!Toward a new economics of science487-521Research Policy2351994/9_http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V77-46384W1-3/2/82748ddb3848fea0f6af7dd05773a843 TY - JOUR;?sPollock, N. Cornford, J.2001zCustomising industry standard computer systems for universities: ERP systems and the university as a 'unique' organisation320-331RStandardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2001 2nd IEEE Conferenceeducational administrative data processing management information systems management of change planning software management standardisation technology transfer ERP systems administration computer systems enterprise resource planning systems generic functionality higher education institutions industry standard computer system customisation management computer systems standardisation universities university specific functionalityEnterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are widely used by large corporations around the world. Recently universities have turned to ERP as a means of replacing existing management and administration computer systems. In this article we provide analysis of the rollout of an ERP system in one particular institution in the UK, the particular focus being on how the development, implementation and use of both generic and university specific functionality is mediated and shaped by a fundamental and long standing tension within universities: this is the extent to which higher education institutions are organisations much like any other and the extent to which they are 'unique'. Our aim is not to resolve this tension but rather to show how similarities and differences are actively constructed and literally 'brought into being' during various phases of this technical project. This occurs both as a process of standardisation within the University and as series of struggles to customise the system. Our conclusion is that managing this process has become a key task, as well as difficulty for universities. The research presented here is based on a participant observation study carried over the period of three years, and is informed by ideas from actor network theory as well as material culture TY - CONFRStandardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2001 2nd IEEE Conference?t!Star, Susan Leigh Strauss, Anselm1999MLayers of Silence, Arenas of Voice: The Ecology of Visible and Invisible Work9-30*Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)81-21999/No work is inherently either visible or invisible. We always ’’see‘‘ work through a selection of indicators: straining muscles, finished artifacts, a changed state of affairs. The indicators change with context, and that context becomes a negotiation about the relationship between visible and invisible work. With shifts in industrial practice these negotiations require longer chains of inference and representation, and may become solely abstract. This article provides a framework for analyzing invisible work in CSCW systems. We sample across a variety of kinds of work to enrich the understanding of how invisibility and visibility operate. Processes examined include creating a ’’non-person‘‘ in domestic work; disembedding background work; and going backstage. Understanding these processes may inform the design of CSCW systems and the development of related social theory.)http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008651105359 TY - JOUR *kwell Publishers / The Sociological Review[ ? Law, J.2004.After Method: mess in social science research Routledge0 Sociology30In recent years the analysis and modeling of networks, and also networked dynamical systems, have been the subject of considerable interdisciplinary interest, yielding several hundred papers in physics, mathematics, computer science, biology, economics, and sociology journals (Newman 2003c), as well as a number of books (Barabasi 2002, Buchanan 2002, Watts 2003). Here I review the major findings of this emerging field, and discuss briefly their relationship with previous work in the social and mathematical sciences. Expected online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology Volume 30 is July 7, 2004. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/catalog/pub_dates.asp for revised estimates.(do?v%Wenger, Etienne C. Snyder, William M.20005Communities of Practice: The Organizational Frontier.139Harvard Business Review781)Harvard Business School Publication Corp.XINDUSTRIAL organization BUSINESS networks MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL behavior WORK groupsArticle2000/01//Jan/Feb2000Focuses on communities of practice, informal groups of people who share expertise and work on a joint enterprise. History of communities of practice and how they differ from other forms of organization; Management of the informal and self-organizing communities of practice; Emergence of communities of practice in companies that thrive on knowledge; Comparison of community of practice with formal work group, project team, and informal network. INSET: Communities in Action. A new organizational form, called the community of practice, promises to complement existing structures and radically galvanize knowledge sharing, learning, and change. Communities of practice are groups of people informally bound together by shared expertise and passion for a joint enterprise. These communities have improved organizational practice at companies as diverse as an international bank, a major car manufacturer, and a US government agency. The authors found that management cannot mandate these communities but they can bring the right people together, provide an infrastructure in which they can thrive, and measure the communities' value in nontraditional ways. Managers need to understand what these communities are and how they work, realize that they are the key to the challenge of the knowledge economy, and appreciate the paradox that they require specific managerial efforts to develop and integrate them.2628915TY - GEN Accession Number: 2628915; Wenger, Etienne C.; Snyder, William M.; Source Information: Jan/Feb2000, Vol. 78 Issue 1, p139; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL organization; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS networks; Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT; Thesaurus Term: ORGANIZATIONAL behavior; Thesaurus Term: WORK groups; NAICS/Industry Codes: 5614 Business Support Services; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 chart, 1c; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 446800178012 ?w  Callon, M. 1980fStruggles and Negotiations to define what is Problematic and what is not: the Sociology of Translation197-219RThe Social Process of Scientific Investigation: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook&Knorr, K. D. Krohn, R. Whitley, R. D. X?xCallon, M. Law, J. 1989MOn the Construction of Sociotechnical Networks: Content and Context Revisited57-83Knowledge and Society8?yCallon, M. Law, J.1982FOn Interests and their Transformation: Enrolment and Counter-Enrolment615-625Social Studies of Science 124://A1982PU59500006<? Callon, M.1995'Four Models for the Dynamics of Science29-63*Handbook of Science and Technology Studies5Jasanoff, S. Markle, G.E. Petersen, J.C. Pinch, T.J.J? Latour, B.1999Glossary303-3119Pandora's Hope : Essays on the Reality of Science StudiesHarvard University Press?I Latour, B.1988The Pasteurization of France?ILaw, J.1994Organizing ModernityOxford Blackwell? %Bijker, W.E. Hughes, T.P. Pinch, T.J.19870The Social Construction of Technological SystemsCambridge, Mass. MIT Press? Law, J.19867Power, Action and Belief. A New Sociology of Knowledge?LondonRoutledge & Kegan Paul$? Callon, M. Law, J. Rip, A.1986VMapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real WorldLondon Macmillan?Law, J.1986Laboratories and Texts35-50VMapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real WorldCallon, M. Law, J. Rip, A.London Macmillan?Callon, M. Law, J. Rip, A.1986!How to Study the Force of Science3-15VMapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real WorldCallon, M. Law, J. Rip, A.London Macmillan? Callon, M.1986CThe Sociology of an Actor-Network: the Case of the Electric Vehicle19-34VMapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real WorldCallon, M. Law, J. Rip, A.London Macmillan?Law, J. 1986The Heterogeneity of Texts67-83VMapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real WorldCallon, M. Law, J. Rip, A.London Macmillan?Rip, A.1986"Mobilising Resources Through Texts84-99VMapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real WorldCallon, M. Law, J. Rip, A.London Macmillan?Callon, M. Law, J. Rip, A.1986Putting Texts in Their Place221-230VMapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real WorldCallon, M. Law, J. Rip, A.London Macmillan?Law, J.1986>On Power and Its Tactics: a View from the Sociology of Science1-38The Sociological Review34?Law, J.1986^On the Methods of Long Distance Control: Vessels, Navigation and the Portuguese Route to India234-2637Power, Action and Belief: a new Sociology of Knowledge?Law, J.Sociological Review MonographC?Law, J.1987XOn the Social Explanation of Technical Change: The. Case of Portugese Maritime Expansion227-252Technology and Culture282? (Bijker, W. E. Hughes, T. P. Pinch, T. J.1987gThe Social Construction of Technical Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of TechnologyCambridgge, Mass. and London MIT Press?Pinch, T. J. Bijker, W. E.1987The Social Construction of Facts and Artifacts: Or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology Might Benefit Each Other17-50gThe Social Construction of Technical Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology(Bijker, W. E. Hughes, T. P. Pinch, T. J.Cambridgge, Mass. and London MIT Press?I Callon, M.1987RSociety in the Making: the Study of Technology as a Tool for Sociological Analysis83-103gThe Social Construction of Technical Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology(Bijker, W. E. Hughes, T. P. Pinch, T. J.Cambridgge, Mass. and London MIT Press2? Bijker, W. E.1987AThe Social Construction of Bakelite: Toward a Theory of Invention159-187gThe Social Construction of Technical Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology(Bijker, W. E. Hughes, T. P. Pinch, T. J.Cambridgge, Mass. and London MIT Press5?Law, J.1987JTechnology and Heterogeneous Engineering: The Case of Portugese Expansion 111-134gThe Social Construction of Technical Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology(Bijker, W. E. Hughes, T. P. Pinch, T. J.Cambridgge, Mass. and London MIT Press? Hughes, T. P.1987,The Evolution of Large Technological Systems51-82gThe Social Construction of Technical Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology(Bijker, W. E. Hughes, T. P. Pinch, T. J.Cambridgge, Mass. and London MIT Press?O Clegg, S.1989Frameworks of PowerSageO_?Latour, B. Woolgar, S.1986Laboratory Life Princeton2?Strum, S.S. Latour, B.19872Redefining the social link: from baboons to humans783-802Social Science Information264?O Latour, B.1986The Powers of Association264-2807Power, Action and Belief: a New Sociology of Knowledge?Law, J.? Bruno Latour1987IScience in action: how to follow scientists and engineers through society Cambridge, MAHarvard University PressActor-Network Theory, ANT5? Latour, B.19999Pandora's Hope : Essays on the Reality of Science StudiesHarvard University Pressf? Latour, B.1999$A Collective of Humans and Nonhumans174-2159Pandora's Hope : Essays on the Reality of Science StudiesHarvard University Press?* Latour, B.1999&One More Turn After the Social Turn...276-289The Science Studies Reader Biagioli, A.~?Porter, Theodore M.19922Quantification and the Accounting Ideal in Science633-651Social Studies of Science224 Objectivity in science has normally been defined by scholars as almost synonymous with realism. It may be advantageous to think of it instead in terms of impersonality, an ideal that would replace arbitrariness, idiosyncracy and judgment by explicit rules. Accounting is an exemplar of this aspect of objectivity. More important than the true representation of deep underlying financial identities is the maintenance of a system of rules that blocks self-interested distortion. Otherwise, tax codes and corporate reports would lose their credibility. From this standpoint, quantification appears as a strategy for overcoming distance and distrust. This pertains also to the natural sciences, where measurement and statistics have been crucial in transforming local experimental skills into public knowledge. We need to understand quantification as a response to a set of political problems, part of the moral economy of science. Its use in science is analogous in important ways to the explicitly political and administrative purposes served by accounting.&0306-3127 SAGE Publications Conference10.1177/030631292022004004? Latour, B.1996!Aramis, or the Love of TechnologyHarvard University Press? Latour, B.1993!Ethnography of a `High-Tech' Case372-398^Technological Choices : Arbitraries in Technology from the Neolithic to Modern High Technology Lemonnier, P. Routledge? Bijker, W. E. Law, J.1992EShaping technology/building society: studies in sociotechnical change Cambridge Ma The MIT PressCactor network theory, sociotechnical change, technology and society\? Bijker, W. E.1992gThe social construction of fluorescent lighting, or how an artifact was invented in its diffusion stage75-102EShaping technology/building society: studies in sociotechnical changeBijker, W. E. Law, J. Cambridge Ma The MIT PressCactor network theory, sociotechnical change, technology and societyB?Law, J. Callon, M.1992IThe Life and Death of an Aircraft: A Network Analysis of Technical Change21-52EShaping technology/building society: studies in sociotechnical changeBijker, W. E. Law, J. Cambridge Ma The MIT PressCactor network theory, sociotechnical change, technology and society? Akrich, M.1992%The De-Scription of Technical Objects205-224EShaping technology/building society: studies in sociotechnical changeBijker, W. E. Law, J. Cambridge Ma The MIT PressCactor network theory, sociotechnical change, technology and society9? Misa, J. M.1992EControversy and Closure in Technological Change: Constructing "Steel"109-139EShaping technology/building society: studies in sociotechnical changeBijker, W. E. Law, J. Cambridge Ma The MIT PressCactor network theory, sociotechnical change, technology and society2?Law, J. Bijker, W. E.19924Postscript: Technology, Stability, and Social Theory290-308EShaping technology/building society: studies in sociotechnical changeBijker, W. E. Law, J. Cambridge Ma The MIT PressCactor network theory, sociotechnical change, technology and society9? Latour, B.1992FWhere Are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts225-258EShaping technology/building society: studies in sociotechnical changeBijker, W. E. Law, J. Cambridge Ma The MIT PressCactor network theory, sociotechnical change, technology and society? Callon, M.2002From Science as an Economics Activity to Socioeconomics of Scientific Research: The Dynamics of Emergent and Consolidated Techno-economic Networks277-317=Science Bought and Sold : Essays in the Economics of Science Mirowski, P. Sent, E-M.University Of Chicago PressU?Akrich, M. Latour, B.1992WA Summary of a Convenient Vocabulary for the Semiotics of Human and Nonhuman Assemblies259-264EShaping technology/building society: studies in sociotechnical changeBijker, W. E. Law, J. Cambridge Ma The MIT PressCactor network theory, sociotechnical change, technology and society? Reed, M. Hughes, M. D.1992LRethinking Organization : New Directions in Organization Theory and AnalysisSAGE Publications;? /Bowker, G. C. Star, S. L. Turner, W. Gasser, L.1997OSocial Science, Technical Systems and Cooperative Work: Beyond the Great DivideLawrence Erlbaum Associates? Star, S. L.1995CEcologies of Knowledge: Work and Politics in Science and Technology"State University of New York Press? #Knorr-Cetina, K. D. Cicourel, A. V.1981`Advances in Social Theory and Methodology: Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies Boston, MassRoutledge and Kegan Paul:?Knorr-Cetina, K. D.1981|Introduction: The micro-sociological challenge of macro-sociology: towards a reconstruction of social theory and methodology1-47`Advances in Social Theory and Methodology: Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies$Knorr-Cetina, K. D. Cicourel, A. V.?Callon, M. Latour, B.1992MDon't Throw the Baby Out with the Bath School! A Reply to Collins and Yearley343-368Science as Practice and Culture Pickering, A.ChicagoChicago University Press?Collins, H. M. Yearley, S.1992Journey into Space369-389Science as Practice and Culture Pickering, A.ChicagoChicago University Press?Collins, H. M. Yearley, S.1992Epistemological Chicken301-326Science as Practice and Culture Pickering, A.ChicagoChicago University Press?Fujimura, J. H.1992LCrafting Science: Standardized Packages, Boundary Objects, and "Translation"168-211Science as Practice and Culture Pickering, A.ChicagoChicago University Press? Pickering, A.19920From Science as Knowledge to Science as Practice1-26Science as Practice and Culture Pickering, A.ChicagoChicago University Press? Brown, C.1992-Organization Studies and Scientific Authority67-84KRethinking Organization: New Directions in Organization Theory and AnalysisReed, M. Hughes, M.LondonSageIA review of ANT in organisation stuies from a methodological perspective.? Cooper, R.1992TFormal Organization as Representation: Remote Control, Displacement and Abbreviation254-272KRethinking Organization: New Directions in Organization Theory and AnalysisReed, M. Hughes, M.LondonSage?Reed, M.1992 Introduction1-16KRethinking Organization: New Directions in Organization Theory and AnalysisReed, M. Hughes, M.LondonSage?Cooper, R. Law, J.1995'Organization: Distal and Proximal Views237-274^Research in the Sociology of Organizations: Studies of Organizations in the European Tradition13+Bacharach, S. B. Gagliardi, P. Mundell, B.Greenwich, Conn. JAI PressOrganisations may be seen both as discrete and bounded entities (the 'distal') and as continuous and fuzzy processes (the 'proximal'). The latter are related to the network processes of actor-network theory.? Star, S. L.1995UThe Politics of Formal Representations: Wizards, Gurus, and Organizational Complexity88-118CEcologies of Knowledge: Work and Politics in Science and Technology Star, S. L."State University of New York Pressn? Star, S. L.1995 Introduction1-35CEcologies of Knowledge: Work and Politics in Science and Technology Star, S. L."State University of New York Press? Lynch, M.1995XLaboratory Space and the Technological Complex: An Investigation of Topical Contextures 226-255CEcologies of Knowledge: Work and Politics in Science and Technology Star, S. L."State University of New York Press? Latour, B.1995DMixing Humans and Nonhumans Together: The Sociology of a Door-Closer257-277CEcologies of Knowledge: Work and Politics in Science and Technology Star, S. L."State University of New York Press?Law, J. Callon, M.1995eEngineering and Sociology in a Military Aircrafft Project: A Network Analysis of Technological Change281-301CEcologies of Knowledge: Work and Politics in Science and Technology Star, S. L."State University of New York Press?Fujimura, J. H.1995WEcologies of Action: Recombining Genes, Molecularizing Cancer, and Transforming Biology302-346CEcologies of Knowledge: Work and Politics in Science and Technology Star, S. L."State University of New York Press;~?Star, Susan Leigh1985Scientific Work and Uncertainty391-427Social Studies of Science15This paper examines the transformation of local uncertainties encountered by working scientists into global certainty, or `scientific facts'. It discusses six mechanisms by which scientists transform local uncertainty: attributing certainty to the results of other fields; substituting processual for production evaluations in the face of technical failures; ideal type substitutions; shifting clinical and basic evaluation criteria; ad hoc generalizing of case studies; and the subsuming of epistemological questions in internal debates. The data are drawn from a study of late nineteenth-century British neurophysiologists (surgeons, neurologists, pathologists, physiologists). The approach is drawn from the sociology of work.oSocial Studies Of Science, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 391-427, August 1985 0306-3127 SAGE Publications Journal Article10.1177/030631285015003001ZTremont Research Institute, 458 Twenty-Ninth Street, San Francisco, California 94131, USA.~?"Star, Susan Leigh Gerson, Elihu M.1987;The Management and Dynamics of Anomalies in Scientific Work147-169The Sociological Quarterly282CScientific Development (D745950); Neurology (D556200); Biomedicine (D081600); Medical Research (D506000); Theory Formation (D864475) scientific anomalies, dynamics/types; case example; neuroscience research 1734 sociology of science; sociology of science. 1020 social differentiation; sociology of occupations & professionsCThe dynamics of anomalies as part of scientific work are examined, & several types of anomaly are identified: mistakes, artifacts, fraud, & discovery. Typical trajectories for artifacts are described: the establishment of suspected artifacts, changes from unacceptable to acceptable, changes in significance, visibility, & means of control. The conditions under which an anomaly changes status are examined. A detailed example of an anomaly trajectory is presented - analyzing an anomaly in neuroscience research & tracing its career from 1870 to the present. 126 References. HA.'0038-0253 English Journal Article (aja)87T0265;Tremont Research Instit, 458-29th St San Francisco CA 94131~?Star, Susan Leigh1983HSimplification in Scientific Work: An Example from Neuroscience Research205-228Social Studies of Science132Scientific/Scientism/Scienticity/Scientization (410380); Work /Works/Working (492000); Neurology/Neurological (297700) scientific work, simplification process, neuroscientific experimentation, symbolic interaction; participant observation 1734 sociology of science; sociology of scienceThe conclusions of scientific tasks necessarily omit much of the complexity & details involved in the research. The stages involved in this simplification process are examined in the particular context of neuroscientific experimentation, from a perspective of symbolic interaction. A major concern in scientific practice is the adequacy of resources, ie, of time, funds, & capability. Participant observation of neuroscientific study disclosed these constraints: (1) intersection, involving the streamlining of terminology for communicating with professionals ouside the field; (2) clinical, ie, external pressure to simplify explanations; (3) technical; (4) conclusion pressures; (5) formating; (6) editing; & (7) specialization. Modified HA.'0306-3127 English Journal Article (aja)84N8330;Tremont Research Instit, 458 29th St San Francisco CA 94131~?Law, John Callon, Michel1988dEngineering and Sociology in a Military Aircraft Project: A Network Analysis of Technological Change284-297Social Problems353Great Britain (D337800); Air Transportation (D021300); Armed Forces (D046200); Technological Innovations (D856800) military aircraft project, GB, network analysis 1772 sociology of science; sociology of technologyA network analysis of a British military aircraft project illustrates the fundamentally interconnected character of the social & the technical. How this aircraft, the TSR 2, was conceived is traced, & its design & development are followed, revealing difficulties that eventually led to its cancellation. The social aspects of the technical engineering are considered with particular attention to the interconnections established by the technologists as they seek needed resources. 27 References. Modified HA.'0037-7791 English Journal Article (aja)88U04025Dept Sociology U Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG England?~?%Star, Susan Leigh Griesemer, James R.1989Institutional Ecology, "Translations" and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39387-420Social Studies of Science193dMuseums (D545100); California (D104400); Interpersonal Conflict (D410500); Boundaries (D091800); Natural Sciences (D551400); Scientists (D747300) scientist-nonscientist collaboration/tension management, boundary issues; case study; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley; 1907-1939 1734 sociology of science; sociology of sciencejScientific work is heterogeneous & also requires cooperation, creating tension between divergent viewpoints & actors & the need for generalizable findings. A model is presented of how one group of actors managed this tension, drawing on the work of amateurs, professionals, administrators, & others connected to the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at the U of Calif, Berkeley, during its early years. Extending the interessement model of Bruno Latour, Michel Callon, & John Law (eg, see Callon, Michel, "Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fisherman of St. Brieuc Bay" in Law, John [Ed], Power, Action and Belief, Sociological Monograph No. 32, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985, 196-230) two major activities are identified as central for translating between viewpoints, standarization of methods, & the development of "boundary objects," which are both adaptable to different viewpoints & robust enough to maintain identity across them. Four types of boundary objects are distinguished: repositories, ideal types, coincident boundaries, & standardized forms. 1 Figure. Modified HA.'0306-3127 English Journal Article (aja)90V4487>Dept Information & Computer Science U California, Irvine 92717? Bloor, David1999 Anti-Latour813Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A301`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V70-3VTSBDX-3/2/7c92f1d586163ea36aafc5ede7220a5d ? Bloor, David1999!Discussion: Reply to Bruno Latour131-1363Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A301`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V70-3VTSBDX-5/2/75e782425c7c0993a889725b42c8612d "?J Latour, B.1999UDiscussion: For David Bloor... and Beyond: A Reply to David Bloor’s ‘Anti-Latour'113-1293Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A301?A response to Bloor's article, "Anti-Latour" (1999), contends that Bloor's claim that a new approach to the sociology of knowledge represents a morally & politically reactionary form of na√Øve realism & highlights the serious differences in methodology splitting the discipline. Two sides in the debate are described, maintaining that Bloor wants to keep science studies within the narrow confines of the last 10 years. It is argued that the Strong Program has become an obstacle for the progression of science studies, & Bloor's charge of misrepresentation of the Edinburgh School is itself a misrepresentation, since he cannot deny its reliance on a self-referential definition of causality for society. It is argued that Bloor's failure to recognize the limitations of his thinking hinges on different understandings of social & naturalistic explanations, empiricism, & the nature of relativism. A call is made for a reworking of the origin of the notion of nature that is at the core of the history of absolutism & the Strong Program itself. 3 Figures, 30 References. J. Lindroth.`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V70-3VTSBDX-4/2/176376de4e4c62a87e0a45d631ec2a47 ? Latour, B.1999/Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Raise the World258-275The Science Studies Reader Biagioli, A. Routledge 0415918677~?&Bishop, Ann Peterson Star, Susan Leigh1996<Social Informatics of Digital Library Use and InfrastructureComputer System Design; Electronic Libraries; Information Science; Libraries; Literature Reviews; Research Methodology; Social Influences; Technological Advancement Information Infrastructure; Social Information ProcessingReviews literature on digital libraries (DLs) by examining its conceptions; concepts related to social informatics; researchers exploring DL social informatics; methods of DL design; social aspects of DL infrastructure and use; and research approaches to DL social informatics. Presents questions for further research and discusses social and technological elements that influence research. (Contains 320 references.) (PEN)Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST); v31 p301-401 1996 0066-4200 English 070 Information Analyses; 080 Journal ArticlesEJ536193~? Latour, Bruno1996On Interobjectivity228-2455Mind, Culture, and Activity: An International Journal34qSociobiology (D806700); Social Structure (D801300); Social Interaction (D789900); Intersubjectivity (D410715); Sociological Theory (D809400); Theoretical Problems (D864425); Social Theories (D802500); Animals (D033900) interobjectivity, social interaction, humans/other animals, sociobiological perspective 0207 sociology: history and theory; theories, ideas, & systems\Explores social interaction & interobjectivity, discussing sociobiology & various critiques of the social differentiation between humans & other animals. In recent years, sociobiology has extended to animals certain traits historically depicted as solely human: (1) the roles of different social actors, (2) the potential for rational calculation, (3) social structure beyond mere interactions, & (4) the existence of power & dominance relationships. As with humans, achievement in the primate world is dependent on interactions with other social actors, & previous experiences shape present actions. The assumption that the complexity of the human social world distinguishes humans from primates is rejected, & it is argued that the actual distinction is related to humans' capacity to isolate themselves from the social world &/or reject the rules of society. Although humans can never escape the objects & actors of the social world, they have the ability to localize interactions through the restriction of outside influences affecting their choices & relationships. Human interactions are also determined by outside elements, times, & places that exceed the narrow historical memory of other primates. Further, human relationships are distinguished by the presence of nonbodily artifacts, objects that are socially constructed & influential. 58 References. T. Sevier.'1074-9039 English Journal Article (aja)9709126MCentre sociologie innovation ENSMP, 62 blvd Saint Michel F-75006 Paris France~? Latour, Bruno1996>Pursuing the Discussion of Interobjectivity with a Few Friends266-2695Mind, Culture, and Activity: An International Journal34<Intersubjectivity (D410715); Social Interaction (D789900); Social Theories (D802500); Sociological Theory (D809400); Theoretical Problems (D864425); Methodology (Philosophical) (D516789) interobjectivity, human interaction, metatheory validity; response 0207 sociology: history and theory; theories, ideas, & systems?A response to comments by Michael Lynch, Marc Berg, & Yrjo Engestrom on the author's article "On Interobjectivity" (for all, 1996 [see abstracts 9709133, 9709059, 9709091, & 9709126, respectively]) takes issue with the implied ban on master narratives & the unease with grand theory in their comments. It is suggested that such metatheory is perfectly valid & helpful if it remains aware of itself as one narrative among others. The purpose of this project is to make an effort to avoid employing objects as the background of human action, & instead, to reveal how objects may share action with other actants. The property thus foregrounded is the multiplicity of different temporal scales & a reconception of the body as a series of parts & parcels involved in this unfolding process. It is argued that several of the critics misread the essay in a way that reveals a very deep dilemma in how social theory explains action; further, the terms mediation & dialectics, which are normally offered to solve this dilemma, are not as helpful as the critics suppose. 2 References. D. M. Smith.'1074-9039 English Journal Article (aja)9709127MCentre sociologie innovation ENSMP, 62 blvd Saint Michel F-75006 Paris France l|?Star, Susan Leigh1996SWorking together: Symbolic interactionism, activity theory, and information systemsACollective Behavior; Information Systems; Organizational Behavior; Symbolic Interactionism; Theories; Activity Theory; Cognition integration of activity theory & symbolic interactionism & cognition information systems in understanding of collective work & practice & organizational phenomena 3660 Organizational BehaviorJ(From the chapter ) [suggests that], jointly, activity theory, interactionism, and information-systems research have some important insights to offer scholarship and development / symbolic interactionism affords information-systems research a body of empirical studies of work and interaction, in the context of an elaborated philosophical framework that emphasizes collectivities and consequences / for activity theory, it is rich in understanding the subtle differences between types of work and practice, and how those are realized within and between communities / activity theory offers the most sophisticated aproach [the author has] found toward understanding the historical and material specificity of cognition, and a way to do away with arguments about perception and cognition that are either idealist or determinist finally, much of the cutting-edge research in information systems (especially that in distributed artificial intelligence and computer-supported cooperative work) critiques the dominant metaphors of computer science as either too closed (and therefore irrelevant to the real world), or too much based on a priori, hyperrational assumptions about human behavior that do not hold up to investigation, especially investigation of collective or organizational phenomena / [the author presents his] points through an exegesis of several classic articles from 1950s interactionist studies of work and workplace culture: several pieces by H. S. Becker on the cultural and work worlds of jazz musicians (1951; 1953; 1953-1954) and "Banana Time': Job Satisfaction and Informal Interaction," by D. F. Roy (1959) / [analyze] how these articles might be read from the point of view of activity theory and conclude with a general discussion of the points from information-systems development (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)Engestr√∂m, Yrj√∂ (ED); Middleton, David (ED). (1996). Cognition and communication at work (pp. 296-318). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press. ix, 346 pp. New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press English Chapter0521441048 (hardcover)1996-98935-012EU Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept of Sociology, Urbana, IL, US [Star]~?Callon, Michel Latour, Bruno1997I"You Will Not Calculate!" Or How to Make the Gift and Capital Symmetrical45-70La Revue du MAUSS9Capitalism (D109200); Markets (D492300); Exchange Theory (D278700); Market Economy (D491400); Liberalism (D459900); Utilitarianism (D896600); Gift Giving (D328700) 0770 social change and economic development; capitalism /socialism-world systems9Argues that the fall of communism has allowed capitalism to be studied more realistically, so that the debate between liberalism & antiutilitarianism may be reformulated. Capitalism is described as one of many forms of market organization, & the distinction between the terms market & market economy is discussed. The calculating & optimizing agents associated with different types of economies are addressed, using the idea of formatting. Means of limiting exchange excesses are investigated, a critique of antiutilitarianism is presented, & how formatting relates to notions of gift & exchange is examined. It is contended that capitalism may be undermined if people cease believing in it. Ways that science & technology may contribute to this end by following the example of economic anthropology are suggested. D. Weibel.xOriginal Title "Tu ne calculeras pas!" Ou comment symetriser le don et le capital 0990-5642 French Journal Article (aja)98069155c/o Latour-MAUSS, 3 ave du Maine F-75015 Paris France~?Callon, Michel Law, John1997]After the Individual in Society: Lessons on Collectivity from Science, Technology and Society165-182=Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie222wIndividual Collective Relationship (D389200); Social Action (D779400); Action Theory (D006550); Sociology of Science (D812700); Science and Technology (D745200); Methodology (Philosophical) (D516789) individual-collective action, hybrid configurations, science /technology/society lessons; illustrative examples 0207 sociology: history and theory; theories, ideas, & systemsLThe social sciences have devised a series of strategies to overcome the individual-collective action division. Examples from science, technology, & society are used to undergird the idea that the individual-collective distinction is only one possible configuration for action & its distribution. To investigate other possible configurations, four principles are discussed: (1) the social is heterogeneous in character; (2) all entities are networks of heterogeneous elements; (3) these networks are both variable in geometry &, in principle, unpredictable; & (4) every stable social arrangement is simultaneously a point (an individual) & a network (a collective). If sociological analysis is to overcome the individualism-holism division, it should attend to the range of hybrid configurations. 23 References. Adapted from the source document.'0318-6431 English Journal Article (aja)97153161Dept sociologie Ecole Mines, F-75006 Paris France?Hanseth, Ole Monteiro, Eric1997<Inscribing behaviour in information infrastructure standards1833Accounting, Management and Information Technologies74`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VFY-3SX25DF-1/2/1cbe8c267aa28ff425506b69ba2252c4 3|?Star, Susan Leigh1998<Leaks of experience: The link between science and knowledge?Experience Level; Science Education role of experience in link between science education & membership in scientific community of practice 3530 Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods(From the chapter ) This chapter illustrates how membership in a community of practice is not just about apprenticeship and indoctrination, but a matter of linking layers and realms of experience with the initial questions of membership in the community. Lave and Wenger (1991) dubbed the process of acquiring membership in a community of practice one of legitimate peripheral participation (LPP) and equated this with cognition. That is, knowing itself is about membership, participation, and entering into a world of skill and shared experience. The concept helps restore both collectivity and praxis to cognitive notions. This chapter adds to this concept the importance of experience and how its problematics link some central questions in science, science education, and sociology of science. In doing so, it raises the possibility of an inverse or complementary concept of LPP: something like illegitimate central marginality. These are experiences that seem to occur at the center of a community of practice, but that somehow do not fit, which leak out of the community conventions and norms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved) Greeno, James G. (ED); Goldman, Shelley V. (ED). (1998). Thinking practices in mathematics and science learning (pp. 127-146). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. x, 429 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers English Chapter.0805816593 (hardcover); 0805816607 (paperback)1998-06668-0045U Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, US [Star]~?Callon, Michel1999kNeither Engaged Intellectual, nor Disengaged Intellectual: The Double Strategy of Attachment and Detachment65-78Sociologie du Travail411Sociological Research (D809100); Theory Practice Relationship (D864500); Social Action (D779400); Action Research (D006500); Applied Sociology (D040500) 2192 social problems and social welfare; sociological practice (clinical & applied)To be heard & employed, sociological studies must take several principles into account. First, the sociologist cannot simply relate a study; he must instead be an active performer in his work & give an accurate representation of his findings. Second, to successfully present himself, he must remember that instruments & actions speak louder than words. Third, he must convey to others the importance of his work & convince them to make use of it. Fourth, he must construct proposals & solutions that have their own independence. These proposals must be adaptable to different situations & evolve with time. Finally, the sociologist must think seriously about the attachment & detachment that each different project requires. 23 References. C. Vogelei.Original Title Ni intellectuel engage, ni intellectuel degage: la double strategie de l'attachement et du detachement 0038-0296 French Journal Article (aja) 2001143687Centre sociologie innovation, Ecole mines Paris, France~?Star, Susan Leigh1999!The Ethnography of Infrastructure377-391American Behavioral Scientist433Ethnography (D272100); Infrastructure (D397400); Methodological Problems (D516750); Research Methodology (D711400) 0103 methodology and research technology; methodology (conceptual & epistemological)This article asks methodological questions about studying infrastructure with some of the tools & perspectives of ethnography. Infrastructure is both relational & ecological - it means different things to different groups, & it is part of the balance of action, tools, & the built environment, inseparable from them. It also is frequently mundane to the point of boredom, involving things such as plugs, standards, & bureaucratic forms. Some of the difficulties of studying infrastructure are how to scale up from traditional ethnographic sites, how to manage large quantities of data such as those produced by transaction logs, & how to understand the interplay of online & offline behavior. Some of the tricks of the trade involved in meeting these challenges include studying the design of infrastructure, understanding the paradoxes of infrastructure as both transparent & opaque, including invisible work in the ecological analysis, & pinpointing the epistemological status of indictors. 39 References. Adapted from the source document.'0002-7642 English Journal Article (aja) 200104693FGraduate School Library & Information Science, U California, San Diego~? Latour, Bruno2000\When Things Strike Back: A Possible Contribution of 'Science Studies' to the Social Sciences107-123 The British Journal of Sociology511+Science and Technology (D745200); Sociological Theory (D809400); Sociological Research (D809100); Interdisciplinary Approach (D403200); Epistemology (D266400); Natural Sciences (D551400); Social Sciences (D799200) 0103 methodology and research technology; methodology (conceptual & epistemological)The contribution of the field of science & technology studies (STS) to mainstream sociology has been minimal because of a misunderstanding about what it means to provide a social explanation of a piece of science or of an artefact. Here, the challenge raised by STS to the usual epistemologies that social sciences believe necessary for their undertakings are considered. The social sciences imitate the natural sciences in a way that renders them unable to profit from the type of objectivity found in the natural sciences. It is argued that, once the meanings of "social" & of "science" are reconfigured, the definition of what a "social science" is & what it can do in the political arena can be considered. It is emphasized that it is not by imitating the ideas of the philosophers of science about what is a natural science that sociology can be made politically relevant. 52 References. Adapted from the source document.'0007-1315 English Journal Article (aja) 200006801+Centre Sociologie Innovation, Paris, France~? Latour, Bruno2004MWhy Has Critique Run Out of Steam? From Matters of Fact to Matters of Concern17-49 Convergencia1135Research Methodology (D711400); Methodological Problems (D516750); Social Criticism (D783900); Theoretical Problems (D864425) 0103 methodology and research technology; methodology (conceptual & epistemological)Worrisome signs exist that scientific & philosophical criticism are suffering from the illusion that they have been successful in their efforts, but there is a lack of confidence in their output. Analogous to a military exercise, scholars need to reevaluate the threats to their labor & modernize their equipment & training. A return to a realist attitude is advocated. The identification of the new object of study, the "thing," & difficulties in perceiving & controlling the object are discussed. If a new set of critical methods & thinking is developed, it will be problematic to identify this new path using the old title of social criticism. 5 Figures, 49 References. M. Pflum.Original Title Por que se ha quedado la critica sin energia? De los asuntos de hecho a las cuestiones de preocupacion 1405-1435 Other Contributors Hernandez, Antonio Arellano Translated by Antonio Arellano Hernandez. Spanish Journal Article (aja) 200500871dCentro Sociologia Innovacion, Ecole Nationale Superieure Mines, Paris [mailto:bruno.latour@ensmp.fr]I~?$Callon, Michel Rabeharisoa, Vololona2003?Research "in the Wild" and the Shaping of New Social Identities193-204Technology in Society252Technology (D857400); Scientific Knowledge (D746400); Genetics (D321000); Social Identity (D788400); Patients (D610200); Medical Research (D506000); Researcher Subject Relations (D711500) 1734 sociology of science; sociology of scienceBThis article examines new forms of techno-science-society interactions, in which non-scientists work with scientists to produce & disseminate knowledge. The term "research in the wild" is coined to name a special version of this new phenomenon. The primary illustration for this new form of research is connected with the Assoc Francaise contra les Myopathies (AFM), the history of which is particularly suitable for exploring certain mechanisms at work in the co-production of scientific knowledge & social identities. The article first compares laboratory research with research in the wild, emphasizing patient interest in maintaining control over cooperation. It then notes the intimate interrelations between the construction of patient identities & the collective form of research in which they participate. Finally, it examines the role of genetics, both as it is integrated into the construction of the collective, & also into the production of mechanisms of exclusion - the reverse side of the constitution of a collective identity. 36 References. Adapted from the source document.'0160-791X English Journal Article (aja) 2004024727Ecole Mines, Paris, France [mailto:callon@csi.ensmp.fr].~?Callon, Michel Muniesa, Fabian20032Economic Markets as Collective Calculating Devices189-233Reseaux21122Science and Technology (D745200); Computation (D161300); Exchange (Economics) (D278400); Markets (D492300); Stock Markets (D835425); Value (Economics) (D897900) 0749 social change and economic development; market structures & consumer behaviorThe authors propose a theoretical framework that can empirically address the calculative character of markets without debunking their calculative properties. After first constructing a broad definition of calculation, grounded on the field of science & technology studies, they then confront this definition with three constituent elements of markets: economic goods, economic agents, & economic exchanges. First they examine the question of the calculability of goods: in order to be calculated, goods must be calculable. They then introduce the notion of calculative distributed agencies to understand how these calculable goods are actually calculated. Thirdly, they consider the rules & material devices that organize the encounter between (& aggregation of) individual supplies & demands, ie, the specific organizations that allow for a calculated exchange & a market output. Those three elements define concrete markets as collective organized devices that calculate compromises on the values of goods. In each, they encounter different versions of their broad definition of calculation that they illustrate with some examples, mainly from the fields of financial markets & mass retail. 85 References. Adapted from the source document.tOriginal Title Les marches economiques comme dispositifs collectifs de calcul 0751-7971 French Journal Article (aja) 200419047OEcole Mines Paris, Centre sociologie innovation [mailto:michel.callon@ensmp.fr]5~? Latour, Bruno2002-Morality and Technology: The End of the Means247-260Theory, Culture & Society195-6[Morality (D539700); Technology (D857400) 1772 sociology of science; sociology of technologyTechnology is always limited to the realm of means, while morality is supposed to deal with ends. In this theoretical article about comparing those two regimes of enunciation, it is argued that technology is on the contrary characterized by the 'ends of means' that is the impossibility of being limited to tools; technical artifacts are never tools if what is meant by this is a transmission of function in a mastered way. Once this modification of the meaning of technology is accepted, then it is possible to relate technology, in a totally different way, to morality that is not about values, but about the exploration of ends. 24 References. [Copyright 2002 Sage Publications Ltd.].l0263-2764 Other Contributors Venn, Couze Translated from French by Couze Venn. English Journal Article (aja) 200309962$Ecole Nationale Mines, Paris, Franceb~?3Callon, Michel Meadel, Cecile Rabeharisoa, Vololona2002The Economy of Qualities194-217Economy and Society312Economic Models (D239850); Economic Structure (D241200); Products (D663300); Consumerism (D170700); Quality (D687250); Service Industries (D756300) 0749 social change and economic development; market structures & consumer behaviorThe aim of this paper is to highlight the main characteristics of what the authors call "the economy of qualities." The authors show that qualifying products & positioning goods are major concerns for agents evolving in the economy of qualities. Competition in such an economy is structured through two basic mechanisms. The first is what the authors propose to call the process of singularization of products. The second is the mechanism whereby consumers are attached to, & detached from, goods that are proposed to them. At the heart of these logics, one can find multiple sociotechnical devices that are designed by economic agents, which ensure the distribution of cognitive competencies, & which constantly & finely tune supply & demand. Relying on Jean Gadrey's work, the authors claim that the economy of qualities is nowhere more effective than in services providing activities, & especially in those sectors that invest heavily in New Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs). Finally, the authors suggest that, in the economy of qualities, the functioning & the organization of markets are issues that are shared by scholars & actors. In these highly reflexive markets, a collaboration between them is needed. 34 References. Adapted from the source document.DOI: 10.1080/03085140220123126'0308-5147 English Journal Article (aja) 2002146097Centre sociol?%Bowker, Geoffrey C. Star, Susan Leigh19997Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences255895*?Star, Susan Leigh1989iThe Structure of Ill-Structured Solutions: Boundary Objects and Heterogeneous Distributed Problem Solving37-54+Distributed Artificial Intelligence: vol. 2Huhns, M. Gasser, L.Menlo Park, CAMorgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.77864 1-55860-092-2?~? Latour, Bruno20018A Sociology without Objects? Remarks on Interobjectivity237-252Berliner Journal fur Soziologie112Social Theories (D802500); Theoretical Problems (D864425); Social Conflict (D782700); Social Order (D792300); Sociology (D810000); Ethnomethodology (D273100); Anthropology (D036300); Intersubjectivity (D410715) 0207 sociology: history and theory; theories, ideas, & systemspThis article of social theory reintroduces the object in the definition of society & shows how this can solve the conflict between micro- & macrodefinitions of social order. The reflections questioning central paradigms in sociology, ethnomethodology, & anthropology lead to a renewed conception of agency, action, & actor. An enlargement of the notion of intersubjectivity by the notion of interobjectivity allows one to take into account the specific achievements of human & nonhuman actors within a "framed interaction," which in turn distinguishes human & simian society. 33 References. Adapted from the source document.Original Title Eine Soziologie ohne Objekt? Anmerkungen zur Interobjektivitat 0863-1808 Other Contributors Kalthoff, Herbert Translated from French by Herbert Kalthoff. German Journal Article (aja) 200118304MCentre sociologie innovation, Ecole nationale superieure mines, Paris, France|?%Bowker, Geoffrey C. Star, Susan Leigh2001Social theoretical issues in the design of collaboratories: Customized software for community support versus large-scale infrastructureGComputer Software; Cooperation; Human Machine Systems Design; Information Systems; Social Issues; Communities; Intimacy social issues; collaboratory design; customized software; community support vs large-scale infrastructure; networks; intimate vs distanced relationships; sciences 4000 Engineering & Environmental Psychology9(From the chapter ) Examines social issues in design utilizing some of the past lessons from sociological studies of communities and networks. The interest in terms such as electronic community have made the distinctions between intimate versus distanced relationships important. The authors seek to clarify some sense in which both apply to the development of collaboratories. The discussion topics include the question of how can electronic networks support a "community;" the Worm Community System, a customized piece of software designed to support the collaborative work of biologists sequencing the gene structure of c. elegans; the collaboratory and the nature of work; the unusual role of theory in electronic collaboration; and hands-on vs automated work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)Olson, Gary M. (ED); Malone, Thomas W. (ED); et al. (2001). Coordination theory and collaboration technology (pp. 713-738). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. ix, 805 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers English Chapter0805834036 (hardcover)2001-01228-0161U California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US [Bowker]~?%Bowker, Geoffrey C. Star, Susan Leigh2001GPure, Real and Rational Numbers: The American Imaginary of Countability422-425Social Studies of Science313 Census (D114900); Elections (D251400); Citizenship (D130500); Low Income Areas (D475200); Low Income Groups (D475500); Minority Groups (D529500); Social Stratification (D801000) 0925 political sociology/interactions; sociology of political systems, politics, & powerDiscusses two recent crises of quantification in US politics: (1) efforts by the Census Bureau to estimate counts in certain areas (typically poor, democratic, & multiethnic) & (2) the 2000 US elections, where it became clear that poor, democratic, multiethnic areas were not going to have their votes well counted because they were using outmoded voting equipment (ie, punch cards). It is postulated that a person is a full citizen in the US only if they are "countable," ie, in the census & as a voter. "Uncountables" are the American version of untouchables in India: a caste that can never aspire to social wealth & worth. Adapted from the source document.'0306-3127 English Journal Article (aja) 200117364DDept Communication, U California, San Diego [mailto:bowker@ucsd.edu]?&Bowker, Geoffrey, C. Star, Susan Leigh1998bBuilding Information Infrastructures for Social Worlds - The Role of Classifications and Standards231!Lecture Notes in Computer Science9http://springerlink.metapress.com/index/A99T1YX6V8JQAW1P 1519.? Myers, G.1996)Out of the Laboratory and Down to the Bay5-43Written Communication131?* Lenoir, T.1999 Was That Last Turn A Right Turn?290-301The Science Studies Reader Biagioli, A.:?Gieryn, Thomas F.1983}Boundary-Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science: Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists781-795American Sociological Review486Dec.The demarcation of science from other intellectual activities-long an analytic problem for philosophers and sociologists-is here examined as a practical problem for scientists. Construction of a boundary between science and varieties of non-science is useful for scientists' pursuit of professional goals: acquisition of intellectual authority and career opportunities; denial of these resources to "pseudoscientists"; and protection of the autonomy of scientific research from political interference. "Boundary-work" describes an ideological style found in scientists' attempts to create a public image for science by contrasting it favorably to non-scientific intellectual or technical activities. Alternative sets of characteristics available for ideological attribution to science reflect ambivalences or strains within the institution: science can be made to look empirical or theoretical, pure or applied. However, selection of one or another description depends on which characteristics best achieve the demarcation in a way that justifies scientists' claims to authority or resources. Thus, "science" is no single thing: its boundaries are drawn and redrawn inflexible, historically changing and sometimes ambiguous ways.[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1224%28198312%2948%3A6%3C781%3ABATDOS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B *00031224 American Sociological Association?Calas, Marta B. Smircich, Linda19998Past Postmodernism? Reflections and Tentative Directions649-671Academy of Management Review244Oct.In this article we first reflect on the significant and positive impact of postmodernism for organizational theorizing during the past decade. Through several examples we point to contributions that poststructuralist perspectives have brought to the field. Finally, we consider four contemporary theoretical tendencies-feminist poststructuralist theorizing, postcolonial analyses, actor-network theory, and narrative approaches to knowledge-as heirs (apparent) of the postmodern turn for organizational theorizing past postmodernism.[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0363-7425%28199910%2924%3A4%3C649%3APPRATD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-8 uSpecial Topic Forum on Theory Development: Evaluation, Reflections, and New Directions 03637425 Academy of Management$~?Law, John Williams, R. J.19828Putting Facts Together: A Study of Scientific Persuasion535-558Social Studies of Science124Scientific/Scientism/ Scienticity/ Scientization; Research/Researcher/Researchers; Publication/Publications scientific paper publication, attractiveness maximization, colleagues citation/facts display/syntax problem juggling 1734 sociology of science; sociology of scienceAn analysis of the way in which a group of scientists sought to maximize the attractiveness of one of their papers, recording negotiations about the title, introduction, & second paragraph (in which a polymer was characterized). The analysis suggests that scientists array or "network" particulars in a way they hope will allocate appropriate relative value to elements of that array. In doing so, three factors - the citation of colleagues, the display of facts, & problems of syntax - have to be simultaneously juggled. 2 Figures. HA.'0306-3127 English Journal Article (aja)83N3224&U Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG England;~?Bloomfield, Brian P.1991uThe Role of Information Systems in the UK National Health Service: Action at a Distance and the Fetish of Calculation701-734Social Studies of Science214United Kingdom; Information; Health Services; Government Agencies information systems, UK national health service 1772 sociology of science; sociology of technology. 2045 sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health careFundamental issues pertaining to distinctive characteristics & use of information technology in relation to the development of information systems within the UK National Health Service (NHS) are examined. Attention is given to the current Resource Management Initiative in the NHS, which involves the fabrication of information systems to connect medical activity to resource usage, & thus to costs. After examining the features of some of the rival inscriptions undergoing development to make this connection visible, the properties of information technology in enhancing their mobilization are discussed. Also addressed is the immutability & combinability of these inscriptions, & some of the implications that may follow from their use. Adapted from the source document.'0306-3127 English Journal Article (aja)92Z09609Instit Science & Technology U Manchester, M60 1QD England teference Count: 55 English Article NH297ISI:A1994NH297000043LEE, N, UNIV READING,READING RG6 2AH,BERKS,ENGLAND.?8Schatzki, Theodore R. Knorr-Cetina, K. Savigny, Eike von2001(The practice turn in contemporary theory ix, 239 p.London ; New York Routledge!Practice (Philosophy) Congresses.edited by Theodore R. Schatzki, Karin Knorr Cetina, and Eike von Savigny. 25 cm. Based on a conference held Jan. 4-6, 1996 at the University of Bielefeld.0415228131 041522814X (pbk.)4SML, Stacks, LC Classification B831.3 P33X 2001 (LC)]?Pickering, Andrew19952The mangle of practice : time, agency, and science xiv, 281 p.ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press+Science Philosophy. Science Social aspects.Andrew Pickering. ill. ; 24 cm.0226668029 0226668037 (pbk.)XSML, Stacks, LC Classification Q175 P522X 1995 MEDICAL/HISTORICAL, Stacks Q175 P522 1995O? Jonnes, Jill2003SEmpires of light : Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the race to electrify the worldxiv, 416 p., [16] p. of platesNew York Random House1stElectric engineering History. Electrification History. Electric power History. Edison, Thomas A. 1847-1931. Tesla, Nikola, 1856-1943. Westinghouse, George, 1846-1914. Competition United States.Ahttp://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/random0415/2002031866.html Jill Jonnes. ill. ; 25 cm.0375507396 (alk. paper)TK18 .J66 2003 621.3/09y?Hughes, Thomas Parke1983ANetworks of power : electrification in Western society, 1880-1930 xi, 474 p. BaltimoreJohns Hopkins University PressElectric power systems United States History. Electric power systems Great Britain History. Electric power systems Germany History.Thomas P. Hughes. ill. ; 26 cm. 0801828732TK1005 .H83 1983 363.6/2|?Haraway, Donna Jeanne1997gModest b- sWitness@Second b- sMillennium.FemaleMan b- sMeets b- sOncoMouse : feminism and technoscience xi, 361 p.New York RoutledgesFeminist theory. Feminist criticism. Technology Social aspects. Science Social aspects. Computers and civilization.Donna J. Haraway ; with paintings by Lynn M. Randolph. ill. ; 24 cm. The title is an email address. On t.p. the hyphens are subscript; "FemaleMan" is followed by the copyright symbol, and "OncoMouse" by the superscript letters "TM."A041591244X (hb acid-free paper) 0415912458 (pbk. acid-free paper)HQ1190 .H37 1997 305.42/01L?Hands, D. Wade2001OReflection without rules : economic methodology and contemporary science theory xi, 480 p.Cambridge, U.K. ; New YorkCambridge University Press+Economics Methodology. Science Methodology.D. Wade Hands. ill. ; 24 cm.#0521497159 (hbk.) 0521797969 (pbk.)HB131 .H358 2001 330/.01j?Ciborra, Claudio2000LFrom control to drift : the dynamics of corporate information infastructures xiv, 246 p.Oxford [England] ; New YorkOxford University PressNInformation technology. Management information systems. Organizational change..Claudio U. Ciborra ... [et al.]. ill. ; 24 cm. 0198297343HD30.213 .F76 2000 658.4/038b~?Singleton, Vicky Michael, Mike1993\Actor-Networks and Ambivalence: General Practitioners in the UK Cervical Screening Programme227-264Social Studies of Science232Action Theory; Social Networks; Evaluation; Prevention; Cancer; Ambivalence; Physicians UK Cervical Screening Programme, actor-network theory-based analysis; fieldwork 1734 sociology of science; sociology of scienceUAn elaboration of Michel Callon's & Bruno Latour's actor-network theory (1981). Drawing on fieldwork on the UK Cervical Screening Programme (CSP), it is shown how general practitioners (GPs) problematize their own roles & the black-boxed status of the cervical smear test within the CSP network. A brief history of the CSP is given, the role of GPs within the CSP discussed, & the actor-network theory defined. An attempt is made to incorporate "ambivalence" into the process of CSP enrollment & black-boxing, & it is argued that ambivalence toward one's own & others' attributed roles in the network functions to reinforce the network rather than weaken it. It is concluded that ambivalence, ambiguity, problematization, marginality, & multiple identities play significant roles in the reproduction of the CSP network. Adapted from the source document.'0306-3127 English Journal Article (aja)93062947School Independent Studies U Lancaster, LA1 4YW England? Bloomfield, B. P. Vurdubakis, T.1994sBoundary Disputes: : Negotiating the Boundary between the Technical and the Social in the Development of IT Systems9-24Information Technology & People71 Discusses the problematic nature of the boundary between the "technical" and the "social" and its consequences in respect of understanding the relationship between technological and organizational change. Illustrates the argument using material drawn from research on the implementation of a hospital information system and an R&D project to develop a knowledge-based system to assist the implementation of strategic change.DOI: 10.1108/09593849410074007~?Thevenot, Laurent2001^Organized Complexity: Conventions of Coordination and the Composition of Economic Arrangements405-425!European Journal of Social Theory44hEnterprises; Evaluation; Coordination 0671 complex organization; sociology of business & entrepreneurismThis article introduces a framework which aims at capturing the complexity of economic organizations. The analysis of most legitimate conventions of coordination results in a new approach to the firm as a compromising device between several modes of coordination which engage different repertoires of evaluation. This contribution to the Economie des conventions offers an analytical tool to operate comparative research on firms, intermediate regulatory committees or public policies. 91 References. [Copyright 2001 Sage Publications Ltd.].'1368-4310 English Journal Article (aja) 200207592UEHESS, Groupe Sociologie Politique & Morale, Paris, France [mailto:thevenot@ehess.fr]b~?Thevenot, Laurent1984*Rules and Implements: Investments in Forms1-45@Social Science Information/Information sur les Sciences Sociales231Labor/Labors; Manage/Managed/Manages/ Managing/ Management labor, scientific management forms, investment 0103 methodology and research technology; methodology (conceptual & epistemological)"The creation of code forms is discussed, & code forms are compared to various instruments suggested by F. W. Taylor in The Principles of Scientific Management (New York: Norton & Co, 1967) as necessary to the scientific management of labor. These instruments range from written instructions, to the slide-rule, to the employee's "task," as defined by Taylor. "Investment" is then redefined as covering a range of form-giving activities in addition to its meaning with regard to capital, thus providing a better economic analysis of the respective use of capital & labor. It is suggested that the main practical application of this theoretical framework is to examine investment in forms used to manage labor, which are most readily observed when management methods change. 83 References. S. Karganovic.b0539-0184 Other Contributors Forbes, Jill Translated by Jill Forbes. English Journal Article (aja)84O2293dInstit national statistique & etudes economiques, 18 Blvd Adolphe Pinard 75675 Paris Cedex 14 France?J!Tatnall, Arthur Gildning, Anthony19995Actor-Network Theory and Information Systems Research955-9667The 10th Australasian Conference on Information Systems Wellington, New Zealand7http://www.vuw.ac.nz/acis99/Papers/PaperTatnall-069.pdfFProceedings of the 10th Australasian Conference on Information Systems#׿? Walsham, G.1997IActor-Network Theory and IS Research: Current Status and Future Prospects466-480,Information Systems and Qualitative Research3Lee, Allen S. Liebenau, Jonathan DeGross, Janice I.Springer8IFIP International Federation for Information Processing?Monteiro, Eric2004CActor network theory and cultural aspects of interpretative studies129-139<The social study of Information and Communication Technology Avgerou, C. Ciborra, C. Land, F.OxfordOxford University Press?JNeyland, Daniel2006^Dismissed Content and Discontent: An Analysis of the Strategic Aspects of Actor-Network Theory29-51Science Technology Human Values311January 1, 2006Actor-network theory (ANT) has contributed greatly to the development of science and technology studies. However, recent critiques appear to have left ANT in a gloomy theoretical black box. What is the likelihood of ANT exiting its current theoretical discontent? Is ANT worthy of salvation and on what grounds? Law argues that recent critiques stem from ANT's development into a particular theoretical strategy. However, this article will argue that by focusing on strategy as messy and impure, ANT can be afforded the opportunity to shift from a fixed approach to an ambiguous and contingent strategy, well placed to carry on. The article achieves such an argument by first highlighting how ANT has contributed to a recent study of strategy in action; second, by outlining the strategic aspects of ANT; and third, by using the study of strategy in action as a means of engaging with ANT's current theoretical discontent.4http://sth.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/31/1/29 ?Hinds, Pamela Kiesler, Sara2002Distributed work xviii, 475 p.Cambridge, Mass. MIT PressDivision of labor. International division of labor. Teams in the workplace. Communication in management Technological innovations. Computer networks. Globalization.6edited by Pamela Hinds and Sara Kiesler. ill. ; 24 cm.0262083051 (hc. alk. paper)HD51 .D57 2002 658.4/036?"King, John Leslie Frost, Robert L.2002MManaging Distance over Time: The Evolution of Technologies of Dis/Ambiguation3-26Distributed workHinds, Pamela Kiesler, SaraCambridge, Mass. MIT PressDivision of labor. International division of labor. Teams in the workplace. Communication in management Technological innovations. Computer networks. Globalization.6edited by Pamela Hinds and Sara Kiesler. ill. ; 24 cm.0262083051 (hc. alk. paper)HD51 .D57 2002 658.4/036?0O'Leary, Micheal Orlikowski, Wanda Yates, JoAnne2002^Distributed Work over the Centuries: Trust and Control in the Hundson's Bay Company, 1670-182627-54Distributed workHinds, Pamela Kiesler, SaraCambridge, Mass. MIT PressDivision of labor. International division of labor. Teams in the workplace. Communication in management Technological innovations. Computer networks. Globalization.6edited by Pamela Hinds and Sara Kiesler. ill. ; 24 cm.0262083051 (hc. alk. paper)HD51 .D57 2002 658.4/036{?Yearley, Steven2004BMaking Sense of Science: Understanding the Social Study of ScienceLondonSagei? Latour, Bruno2005AReassembling the social : an introduction to actor-network-theory x, 301 p.(Clarendon lectures in management studiesOxford ; New YorkOxford University PressOSocial groups. Social participation. Social structure. Organizational behavior.Bruno Latour. ill. ; 24 cm.0199256047 (hbk.)302.3 HM706 .L38 20055?Mol, Annemarie20020The body multiple : ontology in medical practice xii, 196 p.Science and cultural theoryDurhamDuke University PressAtherosclerosis Netherlands. Social medicine. Medical anthropology. Ontology. Medicine Philosophy. Ethnographic informants Netherlands. Metaphysics. Arteriosclerosis. Sociology, Medical. Philosophy, Medical.Annemarie Mol. ill. ; 25 cm. Doing disease -- Different atherosclerosis -- Coordination -- Distribution -- Inclusion -- Doing theory.0822329026 0822329174RC692 .M59 2002 362.1/96136O? Czarniawska, Barbara Hernes, Tor2005#Actor-network theory and organizing356 ;Malmö Copenhagen(Liber ; Copenhagen Business School Press1. uppl.Informationsteknik Organisationsteori Organization theory Organisationsteori Organisationsförändringar Actor-network theory (prel/S) Organisationsteori Organizational theoryKedited by Barbara Czarniawska & Tor Hernes (Malmö : Elander Berling) 23 cmD91-47-07481-7(Liber) 87-630-0144-6(Copenhagen Business School Press)658.4*?)Berg, Marc Hanseth, Ole Aanestad, Margunn2004,Actor-network theory and information systems132-2314Information technology & people ; v. 17, no. 2, 2004Bradford, EnglandEmerald Group Pub.RKnowledge management. Information technology. Business networks. Electronic books.[Elektronisk resurs] guest editors, Ole Hanseth, Margunn Aanestad and Marc Berg. ill. Electronic reproduction. Palo Alto, Calif. : ebrary, 2004. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ebrary affiliated libraries.HD30.2 .A28 2004eb ?<Bloomfield, Brian P. Coombs, Rod Cooper, David J. Rea, David1992gMachines and manoeuvres: Responsibility accounting and the construction of hospital information systems197-2193Accounting, Management and Information Technologies24>Actor-network Hospital information systems Resource management`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VFY-45JSY53-F/2/1081a1fa38a3f65ca48072bcf2cb6f0d d?Law, John Mol, Annemarie20024Complexities : social studies of knowledge practices295Science and cultural theoryDurhamDuke University PressYComplexity (Philosophy) Knowledge, Sociology of Kunskapssociologi Knowledge, Sociology of(John Law and Annemarie Mol, editors ill.)0-8223-2846-1(hft.) 0-8223-2831-3(inb.) ;001N? Law, John2000:Aircraft stories : decentering the object in technoscience252Science and cultural theory Durham, NCDuke University PressCEntity (Philosophy) BAC TSR 2 (Turbojet fighter planes) MiscellaneaJohn Law@0-8223-2812-7(cloth alk. paper) ; 0-8223-2824-0(pbk. alk. paper)303.48 3 303.48 3F?Spinuzzi, Clay2003EMore than One, Less than Many: A Review of Three “Post-ANT” BooksCurrents in Electronic Literacy74http://currents.cwrl.utexas.edu/fall03/spinuzzi.html 1524-6493\p?Callon, Michel2002From Science as an Economic Activity to Socioeconomics of Scientific Research: The Dynamics of Emergent and Consolidated Techno-economics Networks277-317<Science bought and sold : essays in the economics of science$Mirowski, Philip Sent, Esther-Mirjam Chicago, Ill.University of Chicago PressResearch Economic aspects Science Economic aspects Forskning ekonomiska aspekter Forskningsanslag Research grants Naturvetenskaplig forskning ekonomiska aspekter Research Science Economic aspe[l? $Mirowski, Philip Sent, Esther-Mirjam2002<Science bought and sold : essays in the economics of science573 Chicago, Ill.University of Chicago PressResearch Economic aspects Science Economic aspects Forskning ekonomiska aspekter Forskningsanslag Rese arch grants Naturvetenskaplig forskning ekonomiska aspekter Research Science Economic aspects Forskning Vetenskap Ekonomiska aspekter=edited by Philip Mirowski and Esther-Mirjam Sent ill. ; 23 cm+0-226-53857-5(hft.) ; 0-226-53856-7(inb.) ; 338.470014 cts Forskning Vetenskap Ekonomiska aspekter=edited by Philip Mirowski and Esther-Mirjam Sent ill. ; 23 cm+0-226-53857-5(hft.) ; 0-226-53856-7(inb.) ; 338.470014n? Strathern, Marilyn1996Cutting the Network517-535.Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute23Sep.BNew technologies have stimulated the rehearsal of old debates about what is new and what is old in descriptions of social life. This article considers some of the current uses to which the concepts of `hybrids' and `networks' are being put. It could be seen as following Latour's call for a symmetrical anthropology that gathers together modern and nonmodern forms of knowledge. In the process, the article reflects on the power of analytical narratives to extend endlessly, and on the interesting place that property ownership holds in a world that sometimes appears limitless.Whttp://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1359-0987%28199609%292%3A3%3C517%3ACTN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6 E13590987 Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland?  Bowers, J.1992The politics of formalism232-261+Contexts of Computer-Mediated CommunicationLea, M.? &Kaghan, William N. Bowker, Geoffrey C.2001POut of machine age?: complexity, sociotechnical systems and actor network theory253-2690Journal of Engineering and Technology Management183-4^Sociotechnical systems Actor network theory Complexity Tacit knowledge Communities of practice`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VF3-44G8NV3-4/2/965f372cf1168bedb24719125aa55834 *ogie innovation, Ecole Mines Paris, France Varry, A, Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, Dept Sociol, Lewisham Way, London SE14, England.? Miller, Daniel2002Turning Callon the right way up218-233Economy and Society312,This paper argues that, contrary to his own claims, Callon's work amounts to a defence of the economists' model of a framed and abstracted market against empirical evidence that contemporary exchange rarely if ever works according to the laws of the market. I start with an example from an Indian village, which shows how other societies also try to frame particular genres of exchange to protect themselves from other varieties of exchange. But both there and within capitalism the frame is precisely a moral system of how exchange ought to be carried out. I then use the example of car purchasing to suggest the highly entangled world of actual exchange within capitalism both between the exchange partners and also between consumers and commerce more generally. Indeed, the actual case studies in Callon's The Laws of the Markets seem to support this conclusion rather than the model put forward in his own introduction and conclusion. These studies, as others cited here, suggest the centrality of entanglements also for higher-level exchanges, such as stock markets and corporate take-overs, and not just for shoppers or other individual actors. As an alternative to Callon I briefly summarize an argument published elsewhere, called 'virtualism', in which I examine the increasing ability of economists and other agents of abstract models such as audit and consultancy to transform the world into closer approximations of their theories and models. I suggest this provides a more fruitful way of understanding the growth and power of abstraction in the contemporary economy.DOI: 10.1080/03085140220123135? Slater, Don2002CFrom calculation to alienation: disentangling economic abstractions234-249Economy and Society312This article uses a debate between Michel Callon and Daniel Miller to explore tensions within economic sociology and anthropology.The tension is between characterizations of markets and economic rationality that seem to dissolve them into a generalized notion of culture and those which seem to abstract them as specific social forms. The paper argues that markets are best defined in terms of a form of transaction rather than a specific mode of calculation: market transactions involve the alienation of goods in the form of property. Such transactions require the kinds of socio-technical apparatuses that Callon describes, in order to establish both alienability and its limits; on the other hand, and drawing on Callon's own concepts of framing and overflowing, such transactions allow for more diverse, ambiguous and contradictory forms of calculation than Callon seems to allow. The latter point is developed particularly in relation to cultural calculation, typified by marketing and advertising.DOI: 10.1080/03085140220123144?Strathern, Marilyn2002"Externalities in comparative guise250-267Economy and Society312-For those working with social science presumptions, ethical principles can seem to come out of nowhere. This paper wonders whether they operate like the positive externalities Callon wishes to derive from economists. In exploring the question, it is forced to consider different models of internal and external positioning. It does this through taking up two manifestations of the technological economy concerned with information management, following examples drawn from Callon's own work (competitive patenting and ethical deliberations on biotechnology).DOI: 10.1080/03085140220123153?I Barry, Andrew2002The anti-political economy268-284Economy and Society312 This paper develops Michel Callon's analysis of the technological economy in two ways. First, the paper is concerned with the way that political activity is framed through the use of a variety of technical devices. Arguing against the view that politics can be located in all forms of social and economic activity, the paper suggests that politics should be regarded as a rather specialist activity that is often directed towards 'anti-political' ends. Second, through a discussion of what the paper terms 'the fragility of metrological regimes' and the 'inventiveness of measurement', the paper argues that measurement and calculation can have the effect of disrupting the frame of politics, and creating a conduit for the cross-contamination of the economic and the political.DOI: 10.1080/03085140220123162?+Hanseth, Ole Aanestad, Margunn Berg, Marc 2004^Guest editors’ introduction:Actor-network theory and information systems. What's so special?116-123Information Technology & People172In this editorial introduction Allen Lee's definition of the information systems (IS) field is taken as the starting point: “Research in the information systems field examines more than just the technological system, or just the social system, or even the two systems side by side; in addition, it investigates the phenomena that emerge when the two interact” (Lee, A. “Editorial”, MISQ, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2001, p. iii). By emphasizing the last part of this, it is argued that actor-network theory (ANT) can provide IS research with unique and very powerful tools to help us overcome the current poor understanding of the information technology (IT) artifact (Orlikowski, W. and Iacono, S., “Research commentary: desperately seeking the ‘IT’ in IT research – a call for theorizing the IT artifact”, Information Systems Research, Vol. 10 No. 2, 2001, pp. 121-34). These tools include a broad range of concepts describing the interwoven relationships between the social.DOI: 10.1108/09593840410542466 rking hypothesis for an alternative practice. The hypothesis is further objectified by designing a set of informational tools and procedures that carry on the new practice.  z4437-456 Organization123MayOne of the key concepts of the neo-institutional studies of organizations has been routine‚Äîan established, rule-governed pattern of action. The concept of routine creates difficulties when used for making sense of the emergence of new practices or change in organizations and institutions. There are two reasons for this. First, routine was introduced originally to account for the continuity of organizational life. Second, it is based on theories of action and behaviour that focus exclusively on the pre-reflective and embodied aspects of human practice. This paper seeks an alternative approach by using the concepts of epistemic object and artefact mediation of human activity. It argues that representational artefacts, such as concepts and models, are instrumental in inducing change in human practices. Using the work of occupational health and safety inspectors as an example, it is shown how a practice or set of routines is made into an object of enquiry in order to generate a wo ware Engineering Institute‚Äôs Capability Maturity Model (CMM¬Æ) for software development. In particular, it explores how the CMM affects the object of software developers‚Äô work and thereby affects organization structure. Empirical evidence is drawn from interviews in four units of a large software consulting firm. First, using contingency theory, I address the technical dimensions of the development object. Here CMM implementation reduced task uncertainty and helped master task complexity and interdependence. Second, using institutional theory, I broaden the focus to include the symbolic dimensions of the object. Adherence to the CMM involved the sampled organizations in efforts to ensure certification, and these symbolic conformance tasks interacted in both disruptive and productive ways with technical improvement tasks. Finally, using cultural-historical activity theory, I deepen the focus to include the social-structural dimensions of the object. Through these lenses, the software development task appears as basically contradictory, aiming simultaneously at use value, in the form of great code, and at exchange value, in the form of high fees and profits: the CMM deepened rather than resolved this contradiction. The form of organization associated with these mutations of the object of work is a form of bureaucracy that is simultaneously mock, coercive, and enabling.10.1177/1350508405051277Gsz?"Miettinen, Reijo Virkkunen, Jaakko20056Epistemic Objects, Artefacts and Organizational Change aracterized as the social life of objects. Drawing on previous scholarship in anthropology and science and technology studies, I adopt the trope of the ‚Äòaffiliative object‚Äô to describe the relational dynamics of association (and disassociation) that characterize the identification of objects and persons. This perspective emphasizes the multiplicity of objects within the unfolding and uncertain trajectories of organizational life, as both problem and resource for organization members. The paper examines how ‚Äòobject-centered sociality‚Äô (Knorr-Cetina, 1997) is enacted as a strategic, but also contingent, resource in the alignment of professional identities and organizational positionings.10.1177/1350508405051276#?Adler, Paul S.2005+The Evolving Object of Software Development401-435 Organization123May"This paper contributes to an ongoing debate on the effects of bureaucratic rationalization on relatively non-routine, knowledge-work activities. It focuses on the Soft s Contexts357-378 Organization123May>Recent years have seen growing sociological interest in the role that objects and non-human actors perform in everyday life. Whether as machines, information technologies, artworks, commodities or architectures, objects today raise issues of complexity and controversy (Pels et al., 2002). Borrowing from actor network theory the idea that humans and non-humans are actively involved in the making of social worlds, there are already those who call for a post-social world and an object-centred sociality (Knorr-Cetina, 1997). But how can non-humans be observed? Sociologists are accustomed to socio-constructionist approaches to the sociology of science, or to analyses of tools and innovations couched in terms of networks of actants; methodologically, however, it seems that ideas about how to proceed methodologically are not very well worked out. On the basis of a four-month ethnography conducted in a hospital that has recently introduced a digital clinical records system, I discuss the methodological aspects of shadowing non-humans. In particular, adopting Star‚Äôs insight of an ‚Äòethnography of the infrastructure‚Äô (Star, 1999), I concentrate on how to account for contexts characterized by multiple and non-homogeneous actors and practices and on the implications of such a perspective for organizational analysis.10.1177/1350508405051272',? Suchman, Lucy2005Affiliative Objects379-399 Organization123MayThrough the case of a particular organization devoted to technological research and development, this paper investigates how values of the ‚Äònew‚Äô operate in what Appadurai (1986) has ch~? Engeström, Yrö Blackler, Frank2005On the Life of the Object307-330 Organization123 Introduction3Organization, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 307-330, May 200510.1?Law, John Singleton, Vicky2005Object Lessons331-355 Organization123MaytDuring research on the management of alcoholic liver disease the authors found that it was difficult to keep the condition in focus through the course of the study. Perhaps this was a sign of methodological failure, but this paper explores an alternative possibility: that social science methods are ill adapted for the study of complex and messy objects. The paper reviews arguments about the character of complex objects as these have been recently elaborated within science, technology and society (STS), and applies these to alcoholic liver disease. Three versions of the object (as region, network and fluid) are found to be relevant. But so, too, is a fourth, fire version, which treats objects as patterns of discontinuity between absence and presence. It is argued that the messiness of alcoholic liver disease in part becomes comprehensible if we imagine it as a fire object.10.1177/1350508405051270 X? Bruni, Attila2005dShadowing Software and Clinical Records: On the Ethnography of Non-Humans and Heterogeneou 10.1177/1350508405051279 177/1350508405051268